Determine whether the integral $ int^+infty_0frace^-t sqrt t , dt$ converges or diverges?
Clash Royale CLAN TAG#URR8PPP
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$$ int^+infty_0frace^-t sqrt t , dt$$
I have computed it getting $$ frac2e3 therefore text it converges.$$ using integration by parts letting $$u = frac 1 sqrt t $$ and $$ dV= e^-t , dt$$
Is it the right way to do it ?
calculus improper-integrals
add a comment |Â
up vote
4
down vote
favorite
$$ int^+infty_0frace^-t sqrt t , dt$$
I have computed it getting $$ frac2e3 therefore text it converges.$$ using integration by parts letting $$u = frac 1 sqrt t $$ and $$ dV= e^-t , dt$$
Is it the right way to do it ?
calculus improper-integrals
Do you know of the gamma function?
â TheSimpliFire
11 hours ago
1
@TheSimpliFire no I don't
â Mayar
11 hours ago
add a comment |Â
up vote
4
down vote
favorite
up vote
4
down vote
favorite
$$ int^+infty_0frace^-t sqrt t , dt$$
I have computed it getting $$ frac2e3 therefore text it converges.$$ using integration by parts letting $$u = frac 1 sqrt t $$ and $$ dV= e^-t , dt$$
Is it the right way to do it ?
calculus improper-integrals
$$ int^+infty_0frace^-t sqrt t , dt$$
I have computed it getting $$ frac2e3 therefore text it converges.$$ using integration by parts letting $$u = frac 1 sqrt t $$ and $$ dV= e^-t , dt$$
Is it the right way to do it ?
calculus improper-integrals
edited 2 hours ago
Asaf Karagila
291k31400731
291k31400731
asked 11 hours ago
Mayar
285
285
Do you know of the gamma function?
â TheSimpliFire
11 hours ago
1
@TheSimpliFire no I don't
â Mayar
11 hours ago
add a comment |Â
Do you know of the gamma function?
â TheSimpliFire
11 hours ago
1
@TheSimpliFire no I don't
â Mayar
11 hours ago
Do you know of the gamma function?
â TheSimpliFire
11 hours ago
Do you know of the gamma function?
â TheSimpliFire
11 hours ago
1
1
@TheSimpliFire no I don't
â Mayar
11 hours ago
@TheSimpliFire no I don't
â Mayar
11 hours ago
add a comment |Â
4 Answers
4
active
oldest
votes
up vote
10
down vote
If you simply want to decide convergence and you don't notice the trick in Henry Lee's answer, you can look at the following. Near zero,
$$
int_0^1 frace^-tsqrt t,dtleq int_0^1frac1sqrt t,dt,
$$
which is convergent.
At infinity,
$$
int_1^infty frace^-tsqrt t,dtleqint_1^infty e^-t,dt<infty.
$$
So the integral converges.
add a comment |Â
up vote
6
down vote
$$I=int_0^inftyfrace^-tsqrttdt$$
$u=sqrtt,,dt=2sqrttdu$
$$I=2int_0^inftye^-u^2du=sqrtpi$$ As it is a standard integral
EDIT:
$$I=2int_0^inftye^-x^2dx$$
then
$$I^2=4left(int_0^inftye^-x^2dxright)^2=4left(int_0^inftye^-x^2right)left(int_0^inftye^-y^2dyright)=4int_0^inftyint_0^inftye^-(x^2+y^2)dxdy$$
now we can use polar coordinates to simplify this.
$x^2+y^2=r^2,$ and $dV=dxdy=rdrdtheta$ so our integral becomes:
$$I^2=4int_0^fracpi2int_0^inftye^-r^2rdrdtheta$$
now $u=-r^2$ so $fracdudr=-2r, therefore,dr=fracdu-2r$ and the integral becomes:
$$I^2=-2int_0^fracpi2int_0^-inftye^ududtheta=2int_0^fracpi2int_-infty^0e^ududtheta=2int_0^fracpi2left[e^uright]_-infty^0dtheta=2int_0^fracpi2dtheta=2*fracpi2=pi$$
so if $I^2=pi$ then $I=sqrtpi$
This can also be done using the gamma function then linking to factorial but this is a well known result so thought this way is easier
â Henry Lee
11 hours ago
Yes this is easier , could you show me how you computed $$ sqrt( pi)$$ though , I know that by getting$$ int v dU$$ its gonna be $$ = 1/2 .(I) $$
â Mayar
6 hours ago
I don't really understand your notation, but I will add to my answer to show why this is the case
â Henry Lee
6 hours ago
Okay thank you .
â Mayar
6 hours ago
I have now added a proof. This uses polar coordinates which you may not be familiar with, and is commonly known as the Gaussian integral
â Henry Lee
6 hours ago
 |Â
show 1 more comment
up vote
3
down vote
As Henry Lee's answer mentions, you get $sqrtpi,$ so $2e/3$ is wrong. But if the function is everywhere positive and you computed it correctly and get a finite number rather than $+infty,$ then it converges. If it's not everywhere positive, and the meaning of convergence may become problematic. For example,
$$
lim_a,to,+inftyint_0^a fracsin x x , dx = frac pi 2
$$
and that is a sort of convergence, but
$$
intlimits_,x ,:, (sin x)/x , ge,0 fracsin x x,dx = +infty quadtext and quad intlimits_,x ,:, (sin x)/x , < ,0 fracsin x x,dx = -infty
$$
and some questions arise about when one should consider the thing convergent.
But one thing to bear in mind is that the question of whether something converges or not is often simpler than the question of what it converges to. Thus
$$
0 < int_0^1 frace^-tsqrt t , dt le int_0^1 frac 1 sqrt t , dt < +infty
$$
and
$$
0 < int_1^infty frace^-tsqrt t,dt le int_1^infty e^-t , dx = e^-1 < +infty
$$
so what you have converges.
add a comment |Â
up vote
3
down vote
$$int_0^+inftyfrace^-tsqrttdt=int_0^1frace^-tsqrtt , dt + int_1^+inftyfrace^-tsqrtt , dt=A+B$$
for $A$ when $e^-tsim1$ then
$$A=int_0^1 frace^-tsqrtt,dtsimint_0^1 frac1sqrtt , dt < infty$$
for $B$ when $tgeq1$ then
$$B=int_1^+inftyfrace^-tsqrtt,dtleqint_1^+inftye^-t , dt < infty$$
add a comment |Â
4 Answers
4
active
oldest
votes
4 Answers
4
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
up vote
10
down vote
If you simply want to decide convergence and you don't notice the trick in Henry Lee's answer, you can look at the following. Near zero,
$$
int_0^1 frace^-tsqrt t,dtleq int_0^1frac1sqrt t,dt,
$$
which is convergent.
At infinity,
$$
int_1^infty frace^-tsqrt t,dtleqint_1^infty e^-t,dt<infty.
$$
So the integral converges.
add a comment |Â
up vote
10
down vote
If you simply want to decide convergence and you don't notice the trick in Henry Lee's answer, you can look at the following. Near zero,
$$
int_0^1 frace^-tsqrt t,dtleq int_0^1frac1sqrt t,dt,
$$
which is convergent.
At infinity,
$$
int_1^infty frace^-tsqrt t,dtleqint_1^infty e^-t,dt<infty.
$$
So the integral converges.
add a comment |Â
up vote
10
down vote
up vote
10
down vote
If you simply want to decide convergence and you don't notice the trick in Henry Lee's answer, you can look at the following. Near zero,
$$
int_0^1 frace^-tsqrt t,dtleq int_0^1frac1sqrt t,dt,
$$
which is convergent.
At infinity,
$$
int_1^infty frace^-tsqrt t,dtleqint_1^infty e^-t,dt<infty.
$$
So the integral converges.
If you simply want to decide convergence and you don't notice the trick in Henry Lee's answer, you can look at the following. Near zero,
$$
int_0^1 frace^-tsqrt t,dtleq int_0^1frac1sqrt t,dt,
$$
which is convergent.
At infinity,
$$
int_1^infty frace^-tsqrt t,dtleqint_1^infty e^-t,dt<infty.
$$
So the integral converges.
answered 10 hours ago
Martin Argerami
115k1070164
115k1070164
add a comment |Â
add a comment |Â
up vote
6
down vote
$$I=int_0^inftyfrace^-tsqrttdt$$
$u=sqrtt,,dt=2sqrttdu$
$$I=2int_0^inftye^-u^2du=sqrtpi$$ As it is a standard integral
EDIT:
$$I=2int_0^inftye^-x^2dx$$
then
$$I^2=4left(int_0^inftye^-x^2dxright)^2=4left(int_0^inftye^-x^2right)left(int_0^inftye^-y^2dyright)=4int_0^inftyint_0^inftye^-(x^2+y^2)dxdy$$
now we can use polar coordinates to simplify this.
$x^2+y^2=r^2,$ and $dV=dxdy=rdrdtheta$ so our integral becomes:
$$I^2=4int_0^fracpi2int_0^inftye^-r^2rdrdtheta$$
now $u=-r^2$ so $fracdudr=-2r, therefore,dr=fracdu-2r$ and the integral becomes:
$$I^2=-2int_0^fracpi2int_0^-inftye^ududtheta=2int_0^fracpi2int_-infty^0e^ududtheta=2int_0^fracpi2left[e^uright]_-infty^0dtheta=2int_0^fracpi2dtheta=2*fracpi2=pi$$
so if $I^2=pi$ then $I=sqrtpi$
This can also be done using the gamma function then linking to factorial but this is a well known result so thought this way is easier
â Henry Lee
11 hours ago
Yes this is easier , could you show me how you computed $$ sqrt( pi)$$ though , I know that by getting$$ int v dU$$ its gonna be $$ = 1/2 .(I) $$
â Mayar
6 hours ago
I don't really understand your notation, but I will add to my answer to show why this is the case
â Henry Lee
6 hours ago
Okay thank you .
â Mayar
6 hours ago
I have now added a proof. This uses polar coordinates which you may not be familiar with, and is commonly known as the Gaussian integral
â Henry Lee
6 hours ago
 |Â
show 1 more comment
up vote
6
down vote
$$I=int_0^inftyfrace^-tsqrttdt$$
$u=sqrtt,,dt=2sqrttdu$
$$I=2int_0^inftye^-u^2du=sqrtpi$$ As it is a standard integral
EDIT:
$$I=2int_0^inftye^-x^2dx$$
then
$$I^2=4left(int_0^inftye^-x^2dxright)^2=4left(int_0^inftye^-x^2right)left(int_0^inftye^-y^2dyright)=4int_0^inftyint_0^inftye^-(x^2+y^2)dxdy$$
now we can use polar coordinates to simplify this.
$x^2+y^2=r^2,$ and $dV=dxdy=rdrdtheta$ so our integral becomes:
$$I^2=4int_0^fracpi2int_0^inftye^-r^2rdrdtheta$$
now $u=-r^2$ so $fracdudr=-2r, therefore,dr=fracdu-2r$ and the integral becomes:
$$I^2=-2int_0^fracpi2int_0^-inftye^ududtheta=2int_0^fracpi2int_-infty^0e^ududtheta=2int_0^fracpi2left[e^uright]_-infty^0dtheta=2int_0^fracpi2dtheta=2*fracpi2=pi$$
so if $I^2=pi$ then $I=sqrtpi$
This can also be done using the gamma function then linking to factorial but this is a well known result so thought this way is easier
â Henry Lee
11 hours ago
Yes this is easier , could you show me how you computed $$ sqrt( pi)$$ though , I know that by getting$$ int v dU$$ its gonna be $$ = 1/2 .(I) $$
â Mayar
6 hours ago
I don't really understand your notation, but I will add to my answer to show why this is the case
â Henry Lee
6 hours ago
Okay thank you .
â Mayar
6 hours ago
I have now added a proof. This uses polar coordinates which you may not be familiar with, and is commonly known as the Gaussian integral
â Henry Lee
6 hours ago
 |Â
show 1 more comment
up vote
6
down vote
up vote
6
down vote
$$I=int_0^inftyfrace^-tsqrttdt$$
$u=sqrtt,,dt=2sqrttdu$
$$I=2int_0^inftye^-u^2du=sqrtpi$$ As it is a standard integral
EDIT:
$$I=2int_0^inftye^-x^2dx$$
then
$$I^2=4left(int_0^inftye^-x^2dxright)^2=4left(int_0^inftye^-x^2right)left(int_0^inftye^-y^2dyright)=4int_0^inftyint_0^inftye^-(x^2+y^2)dxdy$$
now we can use polar coordinates to simplify this.
$x^2+y^2=r^2,$ and $dV=dxdy=rdrdtheta$ so our integral becomes:
$$I^2=4int_0^fracpi2int_0^inftye^-r^2rdrdtheta$$
now $u=-r^2$ so $fracdudr=-2r, therefore,dr=fracdu-2r$ and the integral becomes:
$$I^2=-2int_0^fracpi2int_0^-inftye^ududtheta=2int_0^fracpi2int_-infty^0e^ududtheta=2int_0^fracpi2left[e^uright]_-infty^0dtheta=2int_0^fracpi2dtheta=2*fracpi2=pi$$
so if $I^2=pi$ then $I=sqrtpi$
$$I=int_0^inftyfrace^-tsqrttdt$$
$u=sqrtt,,dt=2sqrttdu$
$$I=2int_0^inftye^-u^2du=sqrtpi$$ As it is a standard integral
EDIT:
$$I=2int_0^inftye^-x^2dx$$
then
$$I^2=4left(int_0^inftye^-x^2dxright)^2=4left(int_0^inftye^-x^2right)left(int_0^inftye^-y^2dyright)=4int_0^inftyint_0^inftye^-(x^2+y^2)dxdy$$
now we can use polar coordinates to simplify this.
$x^2+y^2=r^2,$ and $dV=dxdy=rdrdtheta$ so our integral becomes:
$$I^2=4int_0^fracpi2int_0^inftye^-r^2rdrdtheta$$
now $u=-r^2$ so $fracdudr=-2r, therefore,dr=fracdu-2r$ and the integral becomes:
$$I^2=-2int_0^fracpi2int_0^-inftye^ududtheta=2int_0^fracpi2int_-infty^0e^ududtheta=2int_0^fracpi2left[e^uright]_-infty^0dtheta=2int_0^fracpi2dtheta=2*fracpi2=pi$$
so if $I^2=pi$ then $I=sqrtpi$
edited 6 hours ago
answered 11 hours ago
Henry Lee
47210
47210
This can also be done using the gamma function then linking to factorial but this is a well known result so thought this way is easier
â Henry Lee
11 hours ago
Yes this is easier , could you show me how you computed $$ sqrt( pi)$$ though , I know that by getting$$ int v dU$$ its gonna be $$ = 1/2 .(I) $$
â Mayar
6 hours ago
I don't really understand your notation, but I will add to my answer to show why this is the case
â Henry Lee
6 hours ago
Okay thank you .
â Mayar
6 hours ago
I have now added a proof. This uses polar coordinates which you may not be familiar with, and is commonly known as the Gaussian integral
â Henry Lee
6 hours ago
 |Â
show 1 more comment
This can also be done using the gamma function then linking to factorial but this is a well known result so thought this way is easier
â Henry Lee
11 hours ago
Yes this is easier , could you show me how you computed $$ sqrt( pi)$$ though , I know that by getting$$ int v dU$$ its gonna be $$ = 1/2 .(I) $$
â Mayar
6 hours ago
I don't really understand your notation, but I will add to my answer to show why this is the case
â Henry Lee
6 hours ago
Okay thank you .
â Mayar
6 hours ago
I have now added a proof. This uses polar coordinates which you may not be familiar with, and is commonly known as the Gaussian integral
â Henry Lee
6 hours ago
This can also be done using the gamma function then linking to factorial but this is a well known result so thought this way is easier
â Henry Lee
11 hours ago
This can also be done using the gamma function then linking to factorial but this is a well known result so thought this way is easier
â Henry Lee
11 hours ago
Yes this is easier , could you show me how you computed $$ sqrt( pi)$$ though , I know that by getting$$ int v dU$$ its gonna be $$ = 1/2 .(I) $$
â Mayar
6 hours ago
Yes this is easier , could you show me how you computed $$ sqrt( pi)$$ though , I know that by getting$$ int v dU$$ its gonna be $$ = 1/2 .(I) $$
â Mayar
6 hours ago
I don't really understand your notation, but I will add to my answer to show why this is the case
â Henry Lee
6 hours ago
I don't really understand your notation, but I will add to my answer to show why this is the case
â Henry Lee
6 hours ago
Okay thank you .
â Mayar
6 hours ago
Okay thank you .
â Mayar
6 hours ago
I have now added a proof. This uses polar coordinates which you may not be familiar with, and is commonly known as the Gaussian integral
â Henry Lee
6 hours ago
I have now added a proof. This uses polar coordinates which you may not be familiar with, and is commonly known as the Gaussian integral
â Henry Lee
6 hours ago
 |Â
show 1 more comment
up vote
3
down vote
As Henry Lee's answer mentions, you get $sqrtpi,$ so $2e/3$ is wrong. But if the function is everywhere positive and you computed it correctly and get a finite number rather than $+infty,$ then it converges. If it's not everywhere positive, and the meaning of convergence may become problematic. For example,
$$
lim_a,to,+inftyint_0^a fracsin x x , dx = frac pi 2
$$
and that is a sort of convergence, but
$$
intlimits_,x ,:, (sin x)/x , ge,0 fracsin x x,dx = +infty quadtext and quad intlimits_,x ,:, (sin x)/x , < ,0 fracsin x x,dx = -infty
$$
and some questions arise about when one should consider the thing convergent.
But one thing to bear in mind is that the question of whether something converges or not is often simpler than the question of what it converges to. Thus
$$
0 < int_0^1 frace^-tsqrt t , dt le int_0^1 frac 1 sqrt t , dt < +infty
$$
and
$$
0 < int_1^infty frace^-tsqrt t,dt le int_1^infty e^-t , dx = e^-1 < +infty
$$
so what you have converges.
add a comment |Â
up vote
3
down vote
As Henry Lee's answer mentions, you get $sqrtpi,$ so $2e/3$ is wrong. But if the function is everywhere positive and you computed it correctly and get a finite number rather than $+infty,$ then it converges. If it's not everywhere positive, and the meaning of convergence may become problematic. For example,
$$
lim_a,to,+inftyint_0^a fracsin x x , dx = frac pi 2
$$
and that is a sort of convergence, but
$$
intlimits_,x ,:, (sin x)/x , ge,0 fracsin x x,dx = +infty quadtext and quad intlimits_,x ,:, (sin x)/x , < ,0 fracsin x x,dx = -infty
$$
and some questions arise about when one should consider the thing convergent.
But one thing to bear in mind is that the question of whether something converges or not is often simpler than the question of what it converges to. Thus
$$
0 < int_0^1 frace^-tsqrt t , dt le int_0^1 frac 1 sqrt t , dt < +infty
$$
and
$$
0 < int_1^infty frace^-tsqrt t,dt le int_1^infty e^-t , dx = e^-1 < +infty
$$
so what you have converges.
add a comment |Â
up vote
3
down vote
up vote
3
down vote
As Henry Lee's answer mentions, you get $sqrtpi,$ so $2e/3$ is wrong. But if the function is everywhere positive and you computed it correctly and get a finite number rather than $+infty,$ then it converges. If it's not everywhere positive, and the meaning of convergence may become problematic. For example,
$$
lim_a,to,+inftyint_0^a fracsin x x , dx = frac pi 2
$$
and that is a sort of convergence, but
$$
intlimits_,x ,:, (sin x)/x , ge,0 fracsin x x,dx = +infty quadtext and quad intlimits_,x ,:, (sin x)/x , < ,0 fracsin x x,dx = -infty
$$
and some questions arise about when one should consider the thing convergent.
But one thing to bear in mind is that the question of whether something converges or not is often simpler than the question of what it converges to. Thus
$$
0 < int_0^1 frace^-tsqrt t , dt le int_0^1 frac 1 sqrt t , dt < +infty
$$
and
$$
0 < int_1^infty frace^-tsqrt t,dt le int_1^infty e^-t , dx = e^-1 < +infty
$$
so what you have converges.
As Henry Lee's answer mentions, you get $sqrtpi,$ so $2e/3$ is wrong. But if the function is everywhere positive and you computed it correctly and get a finite number rather than $+infty,$ then it converges. If it's not everywhere positive, and the meaning of convergence may become problematic. For example,
$$
lim_a,to,+inftyint_0^a fracsin x x , dx = frac pi 2
$$
and that is a sort of convergence, but
$$
intlimits_,x ,:, (sin x)/x , ge,0 fracsin x x,dx = +infty quadtext and quad intlimits_,x ,:, (sin x)/x , < ,0 fracsin x x,dx = -infty
$$
and some questions arise about when one should consider the thing convergent.
But one thing to bear in mind is that the question of whether something converges or not is often simpler than the question of what it converges to. Thus
$$
0 < int_0^1 frace^-tsqrt t , dt le int_0^1 frac 1 sqrt t , dt < +infty
$$
and
$$
0 < int_1^infty frace^-tsqrt t,dt le int_1^infty e^-t , dx = e^-1 < +infty
$$
so what you have converges.
answered 10 hours ago
Michael Hardy
204k23185460
204k23185460
add a comment |Â
add a comment |Â
up vote
3
down vote
$$int_0^+inftyfrace^-tsqrttdt=int_0^1frace^-tsqrtt , dt + int_1^+inftyfrace^-tsqrtt , dt=A+B$$
for $A$ when $e^-tsim1$ then
$$A=int_0^1 frace^-tsqrtt,dtsimint_0^1 frac1sqrtt , dt < infty$$
for $B$ when $tgeq1$ then
$$B=int_1^+inftyfrace^-tsqrtt,dtleqint_1^+inftye^-t , dt < infty$$
add a comment |Â
up vote
3
down vote
$$int_0^+inftyfrace^-tsqrttdt=int_0^1frace^-tsqrtt , dt + int_1^+inftyfrace^-tsqrtt , dt=A+B$$
for $A$ when $e^-tsim1$ then
$$A=int_0^1 frace^-tsqrtt,dtsimint_0^1 frac1sqrtt , dt < infty$$
for $B$ when $tgeq1$ then
$$B=int_1^+inftyfrace^-tsqrtt,dtleqint_1^+inftye^-t , dt < infty$$
add a comment |Â
up vote
3
down vote
up vote
3
down vote
$$int_0^+inftyfrace^-tsqrttdt=int_0^1frace^-tsqrtt , dt + int_1^+inftyfrace^-tsqrtt , dt=A+B$$
for $A$ when $e^-tsim1$ then
$$A=int_0^1 frace^-tsqrtt,dtsimint_0^1 frac1sqrtt , dt < infty$$
for $B$ when $tgeq1$ then
$$B=int_1^+inftyfrace^-tsqrtt,dtleqint_1^+inftye^-t , dt < infty$$
$$int_0^+inftyfrace^-tsqrttdt=int_0^1frace^-tsqrtt , dt + int_1^+inftyfrace^-tsqrtt , dt=A+B$$
for $A$ when $e^-tsim1$ then
$$A=int_0^1 frace^-tsqrtt,dtsimint_0^1 frac1sqrtt , dt < infty$$
for $B$ when $tgeq1$ then
$$B=int_1^+inftyfrace^-tsqrtt,dtleqint_1^+inftye^-t , dt < infty$$
edited 10 hours ago
Michael Hardy
204k23185460
204k23185460
answered 11 hours ago
user 108128
18.6k41544
18.6k41544
add a comment |Â
add a comment |Â
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Do you know of the gamma function?
â TheSimpliFire
11 hours ago
1
@TheSimpliFire no I don't
â Mayar
11 hours ago