Finding the values of $x$ such that $[x^2]=[x]^2$ ($[cdot]$ denotes the floor function)
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I was trying to find the values of $x$ that makes the equation $[x^2]=[x]^2$ true where $[cdot]$ denotes the floor function. I tried doing the following:
Let $x=n+r$ where $n=[x]$ and $0leq r<1$. Then $x^2=n^2+2nr+r^2$ which implies that $[x^2]=[n^2+2nr+r^2]=n^2+[2nr+r^2]=[x]^2=n^2$. Subtracting both sides of the equation by $n^2$ I obtained $[2nr+r^2]=0$ if and only if $0leq 2nr+r^2<1$. I got stucked in here. Any suggestions or hints that can you give me?
elementary-number-theory floor-function
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up vote
6
down vote
favorite
I was trying to find the values of $x$ that makes the equation $[x^2]=[x]^2$ true where $[cdot]$ denotes the floor function. I tried doing the following:
Let $x=n+r$ where $n=[x]$ and $0leq r<1$. Then $x^2=n^2+2nr+r^2$ which implies that $[x^2]=[n^2+2nr+r^2]=n^2+[2nr+r^2]=[x]^2=n^2$. Subtracting both sides of the equation by $n^2$ I obtained $[2nr+r^2]=0$ if and only if $0leq 2nr+r^2<1$. I got stucked in here. Any suggestions or hints that can you give me?
elementary-number-theory floor-function
add a comment |Â
up vote
6
down vote
favorite
up vote
6
down vote
favorite
I was trying to find the values of $x$ that makes the equation $[x^2]=[x]^2$ true where $[cdot]$ denotes the floor function. I tried doing the following:
Let $x=n+r$ where $n=[x]$ and $0leq r<1$. Then $x^2=n^2+2nr+r^2$ which implies that $[x^2]=[n^2+2nr+r^2]=n^2+[2nr+r^2]=[x]^2=n^2$. Subtracting both sides of the equation by $n^2$ I obtained $[2nr+r^2]=0$ if and only if $0leq 2nr+r^2<1$. I got stucked in here. Any suggestions or hints that can you give me?
elementary-number-theory floor-function
I was trying to find the values of $x$ that makes the equation $[x^2]=[x]^2$ true where $[cdot]$ denotes the floor function. I tried doing the following:
Let $x=n+r$ where $n=[x]$ and $0leq r<1$. Then $x^2=n^2+2nr+r^2$ which implies that $[x^2]=[n^2+2nr+r^2]=n^2+[2nr+r^2]=[x]^2=n^2$. Subtracting both sides of the equation by $n^2$ I obtained $[2nr+r^2]=0$ if and only if $0leq 2nr+r^2<1$. I got stucked in here. Any suggestions or hints that can you give me?
elementary-number-theory floor-function
edited Jul 27 at 21:59
asked Jul 27 at 4:43
user573497
2009
2009
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4 Answers
4
active
oldest
votes
up vote
5
down vote
accepted
$$0leq 2nr+r^2<1$$
Solve$$ 2nr+r^2-1=0$$ for $r$ in terms of $n$.
$$ r=-npm sqrt n^2+1 $$
For $$-n- sqrt n^2+1 <r< -n+sqrt n^2+1$$
We get $$0leq 2nr+r^2<1$$
Since $rge 0$, we just need $$ r< -n+sqrt n^2+1$$
For example if $n=10$, we have to have $r<sqrt 101-10 approx 0.049875$
1
The inequality $0 leqslant 2nr + r^2$ is not for free when $n < 0$, which makes the answer incomplete.
– Adayah
Jul 27 at 14:32
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up vote
8
down vote
Write $x=n+r$, where $ninmathbbZ$ and $0le rlt1$. Then we want
$$
leftlfloor n^2+2nr+r^2rightrfloor=leftlfloor(n+r)^2rightrfloor=lfloor n+rrfloor^2=n^2tag1
$$
If $r=0$, then $(1)$ is true. Thus, we have any $xinmathbbZ$ is a solution.
Now, assume $0lt rlt1$. $(1)$ requires
$$
0le2nr+r^2lt1tag2
$$
To satisfy the left-hand inequality of $(2)$, we need
$$
2n+rge0tag3
$$
So we need $nge0$. To satisfy the right-hand inequality of $(2)$, we need
$$
0lt rlt-n+sqrtn^2+1tag4
$$
which is equivalent to
$$
nlt xltsqrtn^2+1tag5
$$
Therefore, we get the complete solution set to be
$$
xinmathbbZcupbigcup_n=0^inftyleft(n,sqrtn^2+1right)tag6
$$
I really liked your solution! Thank you very much!
– user573497
Jul 27 at 5:54
Can eq.6 be simplified to $$xinbigcup_n=0^inftybigg[n,sqrtn^2+1bigg)tag6$$?
– AccidentalFourierTransform
Jul 27 at 17:09
@AccidentalFourierTransform: that leaves out all the negative integers.
– robjohn♦
Jul 27 at 18:11
@robjohn Ah, right. Silly me.
– AccidentalFourierTransform
Jul 27 at 18:28
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
I'm not sure there is going to be a "clean" solution of this, you will have to consider various cases.
- If $r=0$ the inequalities are clearly true.
- If $r>0$ and $n<0$ then $2nle-2$ so $2n+r<0$ so $2nr+r^2<0$ and there is no solution.
- The remaining case is $r>0$ and $nge0$. Then $0le2nr+r^2$ is certainly true, so you have to solve $2nr+r^2<1$ to find $r$ in terms of $n$.
See if you can finish it from here.
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
I think that you have done almost everything. In your notation you have the following inequalities: $r>=0$, $r<1$, $r^2+2nr-1<0$. The last one gives $r<sqrtn^2+1-n$. This gives possible values of $r$ for given $n>=0$. For negative $n$ your computation is not correct.
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4 Answers
4
active
oldest
votes
4 Answers
4
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
up vote
5
down vote
accepted
$$0leq 2nr+r^2<1$$
Solve$$ 2nr+r^2-1=0$$ for $r$ in terms of $n$.
$$ r=-npm sqrt n^2+1 $$
For $$-n- sqrt n^2+1 <r< -n+sqrt n^2+1$$
We get $$0leq 2nr+r^2<1$$
Since $rge 0$, we just need $$ r< -n+sqrt n^2+1$$
For example if $n=10$, we have to have $r<sqrt 101-10 approx 0.049875$
1
The inequality $0 leqslant 2nr + r^2$ is not for free when $n < 0$, which makes the answer incomplete.
– Adayah
Jul 27 at 14:32
add a comment |Â
up vote
5
down vote
accepted
$$0leq 2nr+r^2<1$$
Solve$$ 2nr+r^2-1=0$$ for $r$ in terms of $n$.
$$ r=-npm sqrt n^2+1 $$
For $$-n- sqrt n^2+1 <r< -n+sqrt n^2+1$$
We get $$0leq 2nr+r^2<1$$
Since $rge 0$, we just need $$ r< -n+sqrt n^2+1$$
For example if $n=10$, we have to have $r<sqrt 101-10 approx 0.049875$
1
The inequality $0 leqslant 2nr + r^2$ is not for free when $n < 0$, which makes the answer incomplete.
– Adayah
Jul 27 at 14:32
add a comment |Â
up vote
5
down vote
accepted
up vote
5
down vote
accepted
$$0leq 2nr+r^2<1$$
Solve$$ 2nr+r^2-1=0$$ for $r$ in terms of $n$.
$$ r=-npm sqrt n^2+1 $$
For $$-n- sqrt n^2+1 <r< -n+sqrt n^2+1$$
We get $$0leq 2nr+r^2<1$$
Since $rge 0$, we just need $$ r< -n+sqrt n^2+1$$
For example if $n=10$, we have to have $r<sqrt 101-10 approx 0.049875$
$$0leq 2nr+r^2<1$$
Solve$$ 2nr+r^2-1=0$$ for $r$ in terms of $n$.
$$ r=-npm sqrt n^2+1 $$
For $$-n- sqrt n^2+1 <r< -n+sqrt n^2+1$$
We get $$0leq 2nr+r^2<1$$
Since $rge 0$, we just need $$ r< -n+sqrt n^2+1$$
For example if $n=10$, we have to have $r<sqrt 101-10 approx 0.049875$
answered Jul 27 at 5:22


Mohammad Riazi-Kermani
27.3k41851
27.3k41851
1
The inequality $0 leqslant 2nr + r^2$ is not for free when $n < 0$, which makes the answer incomplete.
– Adayah
Jul 27 at 14:32
add a comment |Â
1
The inequality $0 leqslant 2nr + r^2$ is not for free when $n < 0$, which makes the answer incomplete.
– Adayah
Jul 27 at 14:32
1
1
The inequality $0 leqslant 2nr + r^2$ is not for free when $n < 0$, which makes the answer incomplete.
– Adayah
Jul 27 at 14:32
The inequality $0 leqslant 2nr + r^2$ is not for free when $n < 0$, which makes the answer incomplete.
– Adayah
Jul 27 at 14:32
add a comment |Â
up vote
8
down vote
Write $x=n+r$, where $ninmathbbZ$ and $0le rlt1$. Then we want
$$
leftlfloor n^2+2nr+r^2rightrfloor=leftlfloor(n+r)^2rightrfloor=lfloor n+rrfloor^2=n^2tag1
$$
If $r=0$, then $(1)$ is true. Thus, we have any $xinmathbbZ$ is a solution.
Now, assume $0lt rlt1$. $(1)$ requires
$$
0le2nr+r^2lt1tag2
$$
To satisfy the left-hand inequality of $(2)$, we need
$$
2n+rge0tag3
$$
So we need $nge0$. To satisfy the right-hand inequality of $(2)$, we need
$$
0lt rlt-n+sqrtn^2+1tag4
$$
which is equivalent to
$$
nlt xltsqrtn^2+1tag5
$$
Therefore, we get the complete solution set to be
$$
xinmathbbZcupbigcup_n=0^inftyleft(n,sqrtn^2+1right)tag6
$$
I really liked your solution! Thank you very much!
– user573497
Jul 27 at 5:54
Can eq.6 be simplified to $$xinbigcup_n=0^inftybigg[n,sqrtn^2+1bigg)tag6$$?
– AccidentalFourierTransform
Jul 27 at 17:09
@AccidentalFourierTransform: that leaves out all the negative integers.
– robjohn♦
Jul 27 at 18:11
@robjohn Ah, right. Silly me.
– AccidentalFourierTransform
Jul 27 at 18:28
add a comment |Â
up vote
8
down vote
Write $x=n+r$, where $ninmathbbZ$ and $0le rlt1$. Then we want
$$
leftlfloor n^2+2nr+r^2rightrfloor=leftlfloor(n+r)^2rightrfloor=lfloor n+rrfloor^2=n^2tag1
$$
If $r=0$, then $(1)$ is true. Thus, we have any $xinmathbbZ$ is a solution.
Now, assume $0lt rlt1$. $(1)$ requires
$$
0le2nr+r^2lt1tag2
$$
To satisfy the left-hand inequality of $(2)$, we need
$$
2n+rge0tag3
$$
So we need $nge0$. To satisfy the right-hand inequality of $(2)$, we need
$$
0lt rlt-n+sqrtn^2+1tag4
$$
which is equivalent to
$$
nlt xltsqrtn^2+1tag5
$$
Therefore, we get the complete solution set to be
$$
xinmathbbZcupbigcup_n=0^inftyleft(n,sqrtn^2+1right)tag6
$$
I really liked your solution! Thank you very much!
– user573497
Jul 27 at 5:54
Can eq.6 be simplified to $$xinbigcup_n=0^inftybigg[n,sqrtn^2+1bigg)tag6$$?
– AccidentalFourierTransform
Jul 27 at 17:09
@AccidentalFourierTransform: that leaves out all the negative integers.
– robjohn♦
Jul 27 at 18:11
@robjohn Ah, right. Silly me.
– AccidentalFourierTransform
Jul 27 at 18:28
add a comment |Â
up vote
8
down vote
up vote
8
down vote
Write $x=n+r$, where $ninmathbbZ$ and $0le rlt1$. Then we want
$$
leftlfloor n^2+2nr+r^2rightrfloor=leftlfloor(n+r)^2rightrfloor=lfloor n+rrfloor^2=n^2tag1
$$
If $r=0$, then $(1)$ is true. Thus, we have any $xinmathbbZ$ is a solution.
Now, assume $0lt rlt1$. $(1)$ requires
$$
0le2nr+r^2lt1tag2
$$
To satisfy the left-hand inequality of $(2)$, we need
$$
2n+rge0tag3
$$
So we need $nge0$. To satisfy the right-hand inequality of $(2)$, we need
$$
0lt rlt-n+sqrtn^2+1tag4
$$
which is equivalent to
$$
nlt xltsqrtn^2+1tag5
$$
Therefore, we get the complete solution set to be
$$
xinmathbbZcupbigcup_n=0^inftyleft(n,sqrtn^2+1right)tag6
$$
Write $x=n+r$, where $ninmathbbZ$ and $0le rlt1$. Then we want
$$
leftlfloor n^2+2nr+r^2rightrfloor=leftlfloor(n+r)^2rightrfloor=lfloor n+rrfloor^2=n^2tag1
$$
If $r=0$, then $(1)$ is true. Thus, we have any $xinmathbbZ$ is a solution.
Now, assume $0lt rlt1$. $(1)$ requires
$$
0le2nr+r^2lt1tag2
$$
To satisfy the left-hand inequality of $(2)$, we need
$$
2n+rge0tag3
$$
So we need $nge0$. To satisfy the right-hand inequality of $(2)$, we need
$$
0lt rlt-n+sqrtn^2+1tag4
$$
which is equivalent to
$$
nlt xltsqrtn^2+1tag5
$$
Therefore, we get the complete solution set to be
$$
xinmathbbZcupbigcup_n=0^inftyleft(n,sqrtn^2+1right)tag6
$$
answered Jul 27 at 5:53
robjohn♦
258k25297612
258k25297612
I really liked your solution! Thank you very much!
– user573497
Jul 27 at 5:54
Can eq.6 be simplified to $$xinbigcup_n=0^inftybigg[n,sqrtn^2+1bigg)tag6$$?
– AccidentalFourierTransform
Jul 27 at 17:09
@AccidentalFourierTransform: that leaves out all the negative integers.
– robjohn♦
Jul 27 at 18:11
@robjohn Ah, right. Silly me.
– AccidentalFourierTransform
Jul 27 at 18:28
add a comment |Â
I really liked your solution! Thank you very much!
– user573497
Jul 27 at 5:54
Can eq.6 be simplified to $$xinbigcup_n=0^inftybigg[n,sqrtn^2+1bigg)tag6$$?
– AccidentalFourierTransform
Jul 27 at 17:09
@AccidentalFourierTransform: that leaves out all the negative integers.
– robjohn♦
Jul 27 at 18:11
@robjohn Ah, right. Silly me.
– AccidentalFourierTransform
Jul 27 at 18:28
I really liked your solution! Thank you very much!
– user573497
Jul 27 at 5:54
I really liked your solution! Thank you very much!
– user573497
Jul 27 at 5:54
Can eq.6 be simplified to $$xinbigcup_n=0^inftybigg[n,sqrtn^2+1bigg)tag6$$?
– AccidentalFourierTransform
Jul 27 at 17:09
Can eq.6 be simplified to $$xinbigcup_n=0^inftybigg[n,sqrtn^2+1bigg)tag6$$?
– AccidentalFourierTransform
Jul 27 at 17:09
@AccidentalFourierTransform: that leaves out all the negative integers.
– robjohn♦
Jul 27 at 18:11
@AccidentalFourierTransform: that leaves out all the negative integers.
– robjohn♦
Jul 27 at 18:11
@robjohn Ah, right. Silly me.
– AccidentalFourierTransform
Jul 27 at 18:28
@robjohn Ah, right. Silly me.
– AccidentalFourierTransform
Jul 27 at 18:28
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
I'm not sure there is going to be a "clean" solution of this, you will have to consider various cases.
- If $r=0$ the inequalities are clearly true.
- If $r>0$ and $n<0$ then $2nle-2$ so $2n+r<0$ so $2nr+r^2<0$ and there is no solution.
- The remaining case is $r>0$ and $nge0$. Then $0le2nr+r^2$ is certainly true, so you have to solve $2nr+r^2<1$ to find $r$ in terms of $n$.
See if you can finish it from here.
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
I'm not sure there is going to be a "clean" solution of this, you will have to consider various cases.
- If $r=0$ the inequalities are clearly true.
- If $r>0$ and $n<0$ then $2nle-2$ so $2n+r<0$ so $2nr+r^2<0$ and there is no solution.
- The remaining case is $r>0$ and $nge0$. Then $0le2nr+r^2$ is certainly true, so you have to solve $2nr+r^2<1$ to find $r$ in terms of $n$.
See if you can finish it from here.
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
up vote
1
down vote
I'm not sure there is going to be a "clean" solution of this, you will have to consider various cases.
- If $r=0$ the inequalities are clearly true.
- If $r>0$ and $n<0$ then $2nle-2$ so $2n+r<0$ so $2nr+r^2<0$ and there is no solution.
- The remaining case is $r>0$ and $nge0$. Then $0le2nr+r^2$ is certainly true, so you have to solve $2nr+r^2<1$ to find $r$ in terms of $n$.
See if you can finish it from here.
I'm not sure there is going to be a "clean" solution of this, you will have to consider various cases.
- If $r=0$ the inequalities are clearly true.
- If $r>0$ and $n<0$ then $2nle-2$ so $2n+r<0$ so $2nr+r^2<0$ and there is no solution.
- The remaining case is $r>0$ and $nge0$. Then $0le2nr+r^2$ is certainly true, so you have to solve $2nr+r^2<1$ to find $r$ in terms of $n$.
See if you can finish it from here.
answered Jul 27 at 5:03


David
65.8k662124
65.8k662124
add a comment |Â
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
I think that you have done almost everything. In your notation you have the following inequalities: $r>=0$, $r<1$, $r^2+2nr-1<0$. The last one gives $r<sqrtn^2+1-n$. This gives possible values of $r$ for given $n>=0$. For negative $n$ your computation is not correct.
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
I think that you have done almost everything. In your notation you have the following inequalities: $r>=0$, $r<1$, $r^2+2nr-1<0$. The last one gives $r<sqrtn^2+1-n$. This gives possible values of $r$ for given $n>=0$. For negative $n$ your computation is not correct.
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
up vote
1
down vote
I think that you have done almost everything. In your notation you have the following inequalities: $r>=0$, $r<1$, $r^2+2nr-1<0$. The last one gives $r<sqrtn^2+1-n$. This gives possible values of $r$ for given $n>=0$. For negative $n$ your computation is not correct.
I think that you have done almost everything. In your notation you have the following inequalities: $r>=0$, $r<1$, $r^2+2nr-1<0$. The last one gives $r<sqrtn^2+1-n$. This gives possible values of $r$ for given $n>=0$. For negative $n$ your computation is not correct.
answered Jul 27 at 5:08
V. Asnin
711
711
add a comment |Â
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