How can I find the integral of a linear map of a vector?

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Much of the literature on matrix calculus deals with derivatives.



Let $x in mathbbR^n$, and $A in mathbbR^n times n$. It is known, for example, that:



$$f(x) = Ax implies nabla_x f(x) = A tag1$$
$$f(x) = x^TAx implies nabla_x f(x) = (A + A^T)x tag2$$



How do I do the opposite? In particular, if I have $f(x) = Ax$, how can I know the antiderivative?



If $A$ were symmetric, I could perhaps find a matrix $P$ such that $A = P + P^T$, which would let me use the statement $(2)$ to claim that $int dx^T Ax = x^TPx$.



What could be said about the integral for a generally asymmetric matrix A?







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    up vote
    3
    down vote

    favorite












    Much of the literature on matrix calculus deals with derivatives.



    Let $x in mathbbR^n$, and $A in mathbbR^n times n$. It is known, for example, that:



    $$f(x) = Ax implies nabla_x f(x) = A tag1$$
    $$f(x) = x^TAx implies nabla_x f(x) = (A + A^T)x tag2$$



    How do I do the opposite? In particular, if I have $f(x) = Ax$, how can I know the antiderivative?



    If $A$ were symmetric, I could perhaps find a matrix $P$ such that $A = P + P^T$, which would let me use the statement $(2)$ to claim that $int dx^T Ax = x^TPx$.



    What could be said about the integral for a generally asymmetric matrix A?







    share|cite|improve this question





















      up vote
      3
      down vote

      favorite









      up vote
      3
      down vote

      favorite











      Much of the literature on matrix calculus deals with derivatives.



      Let $x in mathbbR^n$, and $A in mathbbR^n times n$. It is known, for example, that:



      $$f(x) = Ax implies nabla_x f(x) = A tag1$$
      $$f(x) = x^TAx implies nabla_x f(x) = (A + A^T)x tag2$$



      How do I do the opposite? In particular, if I have $f(x) = Ax$, how can I know the antiderivative?



      If $A$ were symmetric, I could perhaps find a matrix $P$ such that $A = P + P^T$, which would let me use the statement $(2)$ to claim that $int dx^T Ax = x^TPx$.



      What could be said about the integral for a generally asymmetric matrix A?







      share|cite|improve this question











      Much of the literature on matrix calculus deals with derivatives.



      Let $x in mathbbR^n$, and $A in mathbbR^n times n$. It is known, for example, that:



      $$f(x) = Ax implies nabla_x f(x) = A tag1$$
      $$f(x) = x^TAx implies nabla_x f(x) = (A + A^T)x tag2$$



      How do I do the opposite? In particular, if I have $f(x) = Ax$, how can I know the antiderivative?



      If $A$ were symmetric, I could perhaps find a matrix $P$ such that $A = P + P^T$, which would let me use the statement $(2)$ to claim that $int dx^T Ax = x^TPx$.



      What could be said about the integral for a generally asymmetric matrix A?









      share|cite|improve this question










      share|cite|improve this question




      share|cite|improve this question









      asked Aug 1 at 18:34









      Bee San

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