Computing the determinant of a $4times4$ matrix

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Compute the determinant of beginvmatrix 2 & -1 & 1 & 3 \ 1 & 2 & 0 & 1 \ 2 & 1 & 1 & -1 \ -1 & 1 & 2 & -2 endvmatrix




My try:
$$beginvmatrix 2 & -1 & 1 & 3 \ 1 & 2 & 0 & 1 \ 2 & 1 & 1 & -1 \ -1 & 1 & 2 & -2 endvmatrix_R_2rightarrow2R_2-R_1\R_3rightarrow R_3-R_1\R_4rightarrow2R_4+R_1$$
$$beginvmatrix 2 & -1 & 1 & 3 \ 0 & 5 & -1 & -1 \ 0 & 2 & 0 & -4 \ 0 & 1 & 5 & -1 endvmatrix$$
Now I took $$beginvmatrix 5 & -1 & -1 \ 2 & 0 & -4 \ 1 & 5 & -1 endvmatrix=92$$
But the answer is $46$. Where did I go wrong?







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    up vote
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    down vote

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    Compute the determinant of beginvmatrix 2 & -1 & 1 & 3 \ 1 & 2 & 0 & 1 \ 2 & 1 & 1 & -1 \ -1 & 1 & 2 & -2 endvmatrix




    My try:
    $$beginvmatrix 2 & -1 & 1 & 3 \ 1 & 2 & 0 & 1 \ 2 & 1 & 1 & -1 \ -1 & 1 & 2 & -2 endvmatrix_R_2rightarrow2R_2-R_1\R_3rightarrow R_3-R_1\R_4rightarrow2R_4+R_1$$
    $$beginvmatrix 2 & -1 & 1 & 3 \ 0 & 5 & -1 & -1 \ 0 & 2 & 0 & -4 \ 0 & 1 & 5 & -1 endvmatrix$$
    Now I took $$beginvmatrix 5 & -1 & -1 \ 2 & 0 & -4 \ 1 & 5 & -1 endvmatrix=92$$
    But the answer is $46$. Where did I go wrong?







    share|cite|improve this question





















      up vote
      2
      down vote

      favorite









      up vote
      2
      down vote

      favorite












      Compute the determinant of beginvmatrix 2 & -1 & 1 & 3 \ 1 & 2 & 0 & 1 \ 2 & 1 & 1 & -1 \ -1 & 1 & 2 & -2 endvmatrix




      My try:
      $$beginvmatrix 2 & -1 & 1 & 3 \ 1 & 2 & 0 & 1 \ 2 & 1 & 1 & -1 \ -1 & 1 & 2 & -2 endvmatrix_R_2rightarrow2R_2-R_1\R_3rightarrow R_3-R_1\R_4rightarrow2R_4+R_1$$
      $$beginvmatrix 2 & -1 & 1 & 3 \ 0 & 5 & -1 & -1 \ 0 & 2 & 0 & -4 \ 0 & 1 & 5 & -1 endvmatrix$$
      Now I took $$beginvmatrix 5 & -1 & -1 \ 2 & 0 & -4 \ 1 & 5 & -1 endvmatrix=92$$
      But the answer is $46$. Where did I go wrong?







      share|cite|improve this question












      Compute the determinant of beginvmatrix 2 & -1 & 1 & 3 \ 1 & 2 & 0 & 1 \ 2 & 1 & 1 & -1 \ -1 & 1 & 2 & -2 endvmatrix




      My try:
      $$beginvmatrix 2 & -1 & 1 & 3 \ 1 & 2 & 0 & 1 \ 2 & 1 & 1 & -1 \ -1 & 1 & 2 & -2 endvmatrix_R_2rightarrow2R_2-R_1\R_3rightarrow R_3-R_1\R_4rightarrow2R_4+R_1$$
      $$beginvmatrix 2 & -1 & 1 & 3 \ 0 & 5 & -1 & -1 \ 0 & 2 & 0 & -4 \ 0 & 1 & 5 & -1 endvmatrix$$
      Now I took $$beginvmatrix 5 & -1 & -1 \ 2 & 0 & -4 \ 1 & 5 & -1 endvmatrix=92$$
      But the answer is $46$. Where did I go wrong?









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      asked Aug 2 at 15:27









      philip

      938




      938




















          4 Answers
          4






          active

          oldest

          votes

















          up vote
          3
          down vote



          accepted










          When doing some operations on rows and columns of a matrix you have to be pretty careful: remember that the determinant is a multilinear map in the rows and the columns so it follows that




          Multiplying or dividing a row or a column by a scalar $lambda$, multiplies or divides the determinant by the same scalar $lambda$




          So if $A$ is your initial matrix and $B$ is the matrix obtained by multiplying a column of $A$ by a scalar $lambda$ you have that $$det(B) = lambdadet(A)$$
          So in your case you've done $2$ multiplications by $2$ then the determinant of your final matrix will be $4$ times the determinant of the initial matrix. So you have that your determinant will be $$92/4times 2 = 46$$



          Obviously the times two is there for the Laplace expansion.






          share|cite|improve this answer



















          • 1




            (96/4)*2 = 48 …
            – current_user
            Aug 2 at 15:44






          • 1




            @current_user Yeah, just mistyped a LOT! ahah thanks
            – Davide Morgante
            Aug 2 at 15:45










          • @DavideMorgante why did you multiply $dfrac924$ with $2$
            – philip
            12 hours ago










          • As I said in the post is for the Laplace expansion: you're expanding your determinant on the first column so, with alternating signs, you multiply the determinant of the minors (that are found taking away the row and the column of a chosen element) by the element that identify the minor. In your case 3 out of 4 elements are zeros so the determinant of that minors is zero and the first one is 2 so the determinant has to be multiplied by 2
            – Davide Morgante
            12 hours ago

















          up vote
          2
          down vote













          Because you multiplied the first and the third rows by 2 while making the row operations, hence the determinant you found is 4 times bigger than the determinant of the original matrix. So the answer is $frac92*24$=46.






          share|cite|improve this answer




























            up vote
            1
            down vote













            I'm sure this question has been asked and answered many times, but I can't find it.



            You can add or subtract a multiple of another row to a given row, without changing the value of the determinant, so $$R_1=R_1+4R_2$$
            is perfectly OK. When you multiply a row by $k$, you multiply the determinant by $k$. When you do $$R_2=2R_2-R_1$$ you are really doing two operations. First, you multiply row $2$ by $2$, then you subtract row $1$ from row $2$. The effect of this is to multiply the determinant by $2$.



            It's fine to do these operations, as long as you keep track of them, so you can adjust the value of the determinant at the end.



            The second mistake you made is at the end. Because of the $2$ in the $(1,1)$ position, you should have multiplied the $3times3$ by $2$ giving $184$, which is $4$ times the true value. This is because you performed that "row-doubling" operation twice.






            share|cite|improve this answer




























              up vote
              1
              down vote













              You multiplied two rows by two, so your answer (184) is 4 times greater than the actual determinant. This video may help.






              share|cite|improve this answer





















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                4 Answers
                4






                active

                oldest

                votes








                4 Answers
                4






                active

                oldest

                votes









                active

                oldest

                votes






                active

                oldest

                votes








                up vote
                3
                down vote



                accepted










                When doing some operations on rows and columns of a matrix you have to be pretty careful: remember that the determinant is a multilinear map in the rows and the columns so it follows that




                Multiplying or dividing a row or a column by a scalar $lambda$, multiplies or divides the determinant by the same scalar $lambda$




                So if $A$ is your initial matrix and $B$ is the matrix obtained by multiplying a column of $A$ by a scalar $lambda$ you have that $$det(B) = lambdadet(A)$$
                So in your case you've done $2$ multiplications by $2$ then the determinant of your final matrix will be $4$ times the determinant of the initial matrix. So you have that your determinant will be $$92/4times 2 = 46$$



                Obviously the times two is there for the Laplace expansion.






                share|cite|improve this answer



















                • 1




                  (96/4)*2 = 48 …
                  – current_user
                  Aug 2 at 15:44






                • 1




                  @current_user Yeah, just mistyped a LOT! ahah thanks
                  – Davide Morgante
                  Aug 2 at 15:45










                • @DavideMorgante why did you multiply $dfrac924$ with $2$
                  – philip
                  12 hours ago










                • As I said in the post is for the Laplace expansion: you're expanding your determinant on the first column so, with alternating signs, you multiply the determinant of the minors (that are found taking away the row and the column of a chosen element) by the element that identify the minor. In your case 3 out of 4 elements are zeros so the determinant of that minors is zero and the first one is 2 so the determinant has to be multiplied by 2
                  – Davide Morgante
                  12 hours ago














                up vote
                3
                down vote



                accepted










                When doing some operations on rows and columns of a matrix you have to be pretty careful: remember that the determinant is a multilinear map in the rows and the columns so it follows that




                Multiplying or dividing a row or a column by a scalar $lambda$, multiplies or divides the determinant by the same scalar $lambda$




                So if $A$ is your initial matrix and $B$ is the matrix obtained by multiplying a column of $A$ by a scalar $lambda$ you have that $$det(B) = lambdadet(A)$$
                So in your case you've done $2$ multiplications by $2$ then the determinant of your final matrix will be $4$ times the determinant of the initial matrix. So you have that your determinant will be $$92/4times 2 = 46$$



                Obviously the times two is there for the Laplace expansion.






                share|cite|improve this answer



















                • 1




                  (96/4)*2 = 48 …
                  – current_user
                  Aug 2 at 15:44






                • 1




                  @current_user Yeah, just mistyped a LOT! ahah thanks
                  – Davide Morgante
                  Aug 2 at 15:45










                • @DavideMorgante why did you multiply $dfrac924$ with $2$
                  – philip
                  12 hours ago










                • As I said in the post is for the Laplace expansion: you're expanding your determinant on the first column so, with alternating signs, you multiply the determinant of the minors (that are found taking away the row and the column of a chosen element) by the element that identify the minor. In your case 3 out of 4 elements are zeros so the determinant of that minors is zero and the first one is 2 so the determinant has to be multiplied by 2
                  – Davide Morgante
                  12 hours ago












                up vote
                3
                down vote



                accepted







                up vote
                3
                down vote



                accepted






                When doing some operations on rows and columns of a matrix you have to be pretty careful: remember that the determinant is a multilinear map in the rows and the columns so it follows that




                Multiplying or dividing a row or a column by a scalar $lambda$, multiplies or divides the determinant by the same scalar $lambda$




                So if $A$ is your initial matrix and $B$ is the matrix obtained by multiplying a column of $A$ by a scalar $lambda$ you have that $$det(B) = lambdadet(A)$$
                So in your case you've done $2$ multiplications by $2$ then the determinant of your final matrix will be $4$ times the determinant of the initial matrix. So you have that your determinant will be $$92/4times 2 = 46$$



                Obviously the times two is there for the Laplace expansion.






                share|cite|improve this answer















                When doing some operations on rows and columns of a matrix you have to be pretty careful: remember that the determinant is a multilinear map in the rows and the columns so it follows that




                Multiplying or dividing a row or a column by a scalar $lambda$, multiplies or divides the determinant by the same scalar $lambda$




                So if $A$ is your initial matrix and $B$ is the matrix obtained by multiplying a column of $A$ by a scalar $lambda$ you have that $$det(B) = lambdadet(A)$$
                So in your case you've done $2$ multiplications by $2$ then the determinant of your final matrix will be $4$ times the determinant of the initial matrix. So you have that your determinant will be $$92/4times 2 = 46$$



                Obviously the times two is there for the Laplace expansion.







                share|cite|improve this answer















                share|cite|improve this answer



                share|cite|improve this answer








                edited Aug 2 at 15:45


























                answered Aug 2 at 15:41









                Davide Morgante

                1,634220




                1,634220







                • 1




                  (96/4)*2 = 48 …
                  – current_user
                  Aug 2 at 15:44






                • 1




                  @current_user Yeah, just mistyped a LOT! ahah thanks
                  – Davide Morgante
                  Aug 2 at 15:45










                • @DavideMorgante why did you multiply $dfrac924$ with $2$
                  – philip
                  12 hours ago










                • As I said in the post is for the Laplace expansion: you're expanding your determinant on the first column so, with alternating signs, you multiply the determinant of the minors (that are found taking away the row and the column of a chosen element) by the element that identify the minor. In your case 3 out of 4 elements are zeros so the determinant of that minors is zero and the first one is 2 so the determinant has to be multiplied by 2
                  – Davide Morgante
                  12 hours ago












                • 1




                  (96/4)*2 = 48 …
                  – current_user
                  Aug 2 at 15:44






                • 1




                  @current_user Yeah, just mistyped a LOT! ahah thanks
                  – Davide Morgante
                  Aug 2 at 15:45










                • @DavideMorgante why did you multiply $dfrac924$ with $2$
                  – philip
                  12 hours ago










                • As I said in the post is for the Laplace expansion: you're expanding your determinant on the first column so, with alternating signs, you multiply the determinant of the minors (that are found taking away the row and the column of a chosen element) by the element that identify the minor. In your case 3 out of 4 elements are zeros so the determinant of that minors is zero and the first one is 2 so the determinant has to be multiplied by 2
                  – Davide Morgante
                  12 hours ago







                1




                1




                (96/4)*2 = 48 …
                – current_user
                Aug 2 at 15:44




                (96/4)*2 = 48 …
                – current_user
                Aug 2 at 15:44




                1




                1




                @current_user Yeah, just mistyped a LOT! ahah thanks
                – Davide Morgante
                Aug 2 at 15:45




                @current_user Yeah, just mistyped a LOT! ahah thanks
                – Davide Morgante
                Aug 2 at 15:45












                @DavideMorgante why did you multiply $dfrac924$ with $2$
                – philip
                12 hours ago




                @DavideMorgante why did you multiply $dfrac924$ with $2$
                – philip
                12 hours ago












                As I said in the post is for the Laplace expansion: you're expanding your determinant on the first column so, with alternating signs, you multiply the determinant of the minors (that are found taking away the row and the column of a chosen element) by the element that identify the minor. In your case 3 out of 4 elements are zeros so the determinant of that minors is zero and the first one is 2 so the determinant has to be multiplied by 2
                – Davide Morgante
                12 hours ago




                As I said in the post is for the Laplace expansion: you're expanding your determinant on the first column so, with alternating signs, you multiply the determinant of the minors (that are found taking away the row and the column of a chosen element) by the element that identify the minor. In your case 3 out of 4 elements are zeros so the determinant of that minors is zero and the first one is 2 so the determinant has to be multiplied by 2
                – Davide Morgante
                12 hours ago










                up vote
                2
                down vote













                Because you multiplied the first and the third rows by 2 while making the row operations, hence the determinant you found is 4 times bigger than the determinant of the original matrix. So the answer is $frac92*24$=46.






                share|cite|improve this answer

























                  up vote
                  2
                  down vote













                  Because you multiplied the first and the third rows by 2 while making the row operations, hence the determinant you found is 4 times bigger than the determinant of the original matrix. So the answer is $frac92*24$=46.






                  share|cite|improve this answer























                    up vote
                    2
                    down vote










                    up vote
                    2
                    down vote









                    Because you multiplied the first and the third rows by 2 while making the row operations, hence the determinant you found is 4 times bigger than the determinant of the original matrix. So the answer is $frac92*24$=46.






                    share|cite|improve this answer













                    Because you multiplied the first and the third rows by 2 while making the row operations, hence the determinant you found is 4 times bigger than the determinant of the original matrix. So the answer is $frac92*24$=46.







                    share|cite|improve this answer













                    share|cite|improve this answer



                    share|cite|improve this answer











                    answered Aug 2 at 15:39









                    Mark

                    5949




                    5949




















                        up vote
                        1
                        down vote













                        I'm sure this question has been asked and answered many times, but I can't find it.



                        You can add or subtract a multiple of another row to a given row, without changing the value of the determinant, so $$R_1=R_1+4R_2$$
                        is perfectly OK. When you multiply a row by $k$, you multiply the determinant by $k$. When you do $$R_2=2R_2-R_1$$ you are really doing two operations. First, you multiply row $2$ by $2$, then you subtract row $1$ from row $2$. The effect of this is to multiply the determinant by $2$.



                        It's fine to do these operations, as long as you keep track of them, so you can adjust the value of the determinant at the end.



                        The second mistake you made is at the end. Because of the $2$ in the $(1,1)$ position, you should have multiplied the $3times3$ by $2$ giving $184$, which is $4$ times the true value. This is because you performed that "row-doubling" operation twice.






                        share|cite|improve this answer

























                          up vote
                          1
                          down vote













                          I'm sure this question has been asked and answered many times, but I can't find it.



                          You can add or subtract a multiple of another row to a given row, without changing the value of the determinant, so $$R_1=R_1+4R_2$$
                          is perfectly OK. When you multiply a row by $k$, you multiply the determinant by $k$. When you do $$R_2=2R_2-R_1$$ you are really doing two operations. First, you multiply row $2$ by $2$, then you subtract row $1$ from row $2$. The effect of this is to multiply the determinant by $2$.



                          It's fine to do these operations, as long as you keep track of them, so you can adjust the value of the determinant at the end.



                          The second mistake you made is at the end. Because of the $2$ in the $(1,1)$ position, you should have multiplied the $3times3$ by $2$ giving $184$, which is $4$ times the true value. This is because you performed that "row-doubling" operation twice.






                          share|cite|improve this answer























                            up vote
                            1
                            down vote










                            up vote
                            1
                            down vote









                            I'm sure this question has been asked and answered many times, but I can't find it.



                            You can add or subtract a multiple of another row to a given row, without changing the value of the determinant, so $$R_1=R_1+4R_2$$
                            is perfectly OK. When you multiply a row by $k$, you multiply the determinant by $k$. When you do $$R_2=2R_2-R_1$$ you are really doing two operations. First, you multiply row $2$ by $2$, then you subtract row $1$ from row $2$. The effect of this is to multiply the determinant by $2$.



                            It's fine to do these operations, as long as you keep track of them, so you can adjust the value of the determinant at the end.



                            The second mistake you made is at the end. Because of the $2$ in the $(1,1)$ position, you should have multiplied the $3times3$ by $2$ giving $184$, which is $4$ times the true value. This is because you performed that "row-doubling" operation twice.






                            share|cite|improve this answer













                            I'm sure this question has been asked and answered many times, but I can't find it.



                            You can add or subtract a multiple of another row to a given row, without changing the value of the determinant, so $$R_1=R_1+4R_2$$
                            is perfectly OK. When you multiply a row by $k$, you multiply the determinant by $k$. When you do $$R_2=2R_2-R_1$$ you are really doing two operations. First, you multiply row $2$ by $2$, then you subtract row $1$ from row $2$. The effect of this is to multiply the determinant by $2$.



                            It's fine to do these operations, as long as you keep track of them, so you can adjust the value of the determinant at the end.



                            The second mistake you made is at the end. Because of the $2$ in the $(1,1)$ position, you should have multiplied the $3times3$ by $2$ giving $184$, which is $4$ times the true value. This is because you performed that "row-doubling" operation twice.







                            share|cite|improve this answer













                            share|cite|improve this answer



                            share|cite|improve this answer











                            answered Aug 2 at 15:40









                            saulspatz

                            10.5k21324




                            10.5k21324




















                                up vote
                                1
                                down vote













                                You multiplied two rows by two, so your answer (184) is 4 times greater than the actual determinant. This video may help.






                                share|cite|improve this answer

























                                  up vote
                                  1
                                  down vote













                                  You multiplied two rows by two, so your answer (184) is 4 times greater than the actual determinant. This video may help.






                                  share|cite|improve this answer























                                    up vote
                                    1
                                    down vote










                                    up vote
                                    1
                                    down vote









                                    You multiplied two rows by two, so your answer (184) is 4 times greater than the actual determinant. This video may help.






                                    share|cite|improve this answer













                                    You multiplied two rows by two, so your answer (184) is 4 times greater than the actual determinant. This video may help.







                                    share|cite|improve this answer













                                    share|cite|improve this answer



                                    share|cite|improve this answer











                                    answered Aug 2 at 15:41









                                    Meeta Jo

                                    1418




                                    1418






















                                         

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