Show that $[a,b] = bigcap_n=1^infty (a-1/n, b+1/n).$

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Show that $[a,b] = bigcap_n=1^infty (a-1/n, b+1/n).$




Attempt: $a> a -1/n$ and $b < b+1/n$. This implies $[a,b] subset (a-1/n, b+1/n)$. This implies $[a,b] subset bigcap_n=1^infty (a-1/n, b+1/n) $.




Show that $(a,b) = bigcup_n=1^infty [a+1/n, b-1/n].$




Attempt: Similarly, $a< a+1/n$ and $b> b-1/n$. Therefore, $[a+1/n, b-1/n] subset (a,b)$. This implies $bigcup_n=1^infty [a+1/n, b-1/n] subset (a,b)$.



Is this correct? and could you give some hint for how to proceed the other side?



Thank you in advance.







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  • 3




    You have only proved the containments in the easier directions: you need $[a,b]supseteqbigcap(a-1/n,b+1/n)$ etc. To prove this, take $x>b$ or $x<a$ and prove there is $n$ with $xnotin(a-1/n,b+1/n)$.
    – Lord Shark the Unknown
    Aug 2 at 5:42














up vote
1
down vote

favorite













Show that $[a,b] = bigcap_n=1^infty (a-1/n, b+1/n).$




Attempt: $a> a -1/n$ and $b < b+1/n$. This implies $[a,b] subset (a-1/n, b+1/n)$. This implies $[a,b] subset bigcap_n=1^infty (a-1/n, b+1/n) $.




Show that $(a,b) = bigcup_n=1^infty [a+1/n, b-1/n].$




Attempt: Similarly, $a< a+1/n$ and $b> b-1/n$. Therefore, $[a+1/n, b-1/n] subset (a,b)$. This implies $bigcup_n=1^infty [a+1/n, b-1/n] subset (a,b)$.



Is this correct? and could you give some hint for how to proceed the other side?



Thank you in advance.







share|cite|improve this question















  • 3




    You have only proved the containments in the easier directions: you need $[a,b]supseteqbigcap(a-1/n,b+1/n)$ etc. To prove this, take $x>b$ or $x<a$ and prove there is $n$ with $xnotin(a-1/n,b+1/n)$.
    – Lord Shark the Unknown
    Aug 2 at 5:42












up vote
1
down vote

favorite









up vote
1
down vote

favorite












Show that $[a,b] = bigcap_n=1^infty (a-1/n, b+1/n).$




Attempt: $a> a -1/n$ and $b < b+1/n$. This implies $[a,b] subset (a-1/n, b+1/n)$. This implies $[a,b] subset bigcap_n=1^infty (a-1/n, b+1/n) $.




Show that $(a,b) = bigcup_n=1^infty [a+1/n, b-1/n].$




Attempt: Similarly, $a< a+1/n$ and $b> b-1/n$. Therefore, $[a+1/n, b-1/n] subset (a,b)$. This implies $bigcup_n=1^infty [a+1/n, b-1/n] subset (a,b)$.



Is this correct? and could you give some hint for how to proceed the other side?



Thank you in advance.







share|cite|improve this question












Show that $[a,b] = bigcap_n=1^infty (a-1/n, b+1/n).$




Attempt: $a> a -1/n$ and $b < b+1/n$. This implies $[a,b] subset (a-1/n, b+1/n)$. This implies $[a,b] subset bigcap_n=1^infty (a-1/n, b+1/n) $.




Show that $(a,b) = bigcup_n=1^infty [a+1/n, b-1/n].$




Attempt: Similarly, $a< a+1/n$ and $b> b-1/n$. Therefore, $[a+1/n, b-1/n] subset (a,b)$. This implies $bigcup_n=1^infty [a+1/n, b-1/n] subset (a,b)$.



Is this correct? and could you give some hint for how to proceed the other side?



Thank you in advance.









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share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question









asked Aug 2 at 5:38









Sihyun Kim

701210




701210







  • 3




    You have only proved the containments in the easier directions: you need $[a,b]supseteqbigcap(a-1/n,b+1/n)$ etc. To prove this, take $x>b$ or $x<a$ and prove there is $n$ with $xnotin(a-1/n,b+1/n)$.
    – Lord Shark the Unknown
    Aug 2 at 5:42












  • 3




    You have only proved the containments in the easier directions: you need $[a,b]supseteqbigcap(a-1/n,b+1/n)$ etc. To prove this, take $x>b$ or $x<a$ and prove there is $n$ with $xnotin(a-1/n,b+1/n)$.
    – Lord Shark the Unknown
    Aug 2 at 5:42







3




3




You have only proved the containments in the easier directions: you need $[a,b]supseteqbigcap(a-1/n,b+1/n)$ etc. To prove this, take $x>b$ or $x<a$ and prove there is $n$ with $xnotin(a-1/n,b+1/n)$.
– Lord Shark the Unknown
Aug 2 at 5:42




You have only proved the containments in the easier directions: you need $[a,b]supseteqbigcap(a-1/n,b+1/n)$ etc. To prove this, take $x>b$ or $x<a$ and prove there is $n$ with $xnotin(a-1/n,b+1/n)$.
– Lord Shark the Unknown
Aug 2 at 5:42










2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes

















up vote
2
down vote



accepted










It is fine so far. For added correctness I would add "for any $n$" somewhere appropriate in both cases. For instance right before or right after the inequalities.



For the top one, I would continue by considering an $xnotin [a,b]$ and show that it is not in the intersection (i.e. that at least one of the sets you're intersecting doesn't contain $x$). For the bottom one I would continue by considering a $yin(a,b)$ and show that it is in the union (i.e. that at least one of the sets you're unioning contains $y$). The Archimedean property will be of use in both cases.






share|cite|improve this answer

















  • 1




    For the second one, let $y in (a,b)$. By Archiemedean property, $exists n$ such that $a+1/n<y$ and $b-1/n > y$. Then, $y in (a+1/n, b-1/n)$. Could give some more hint to proceed from here?
    – Sihyun Kim
    Aug 2 at 5:57






  • 1




    @SihyunKim Since $y in (a+1/n, b-1/n)$, we also have $y in [a+1/n, b-1/n]$, which is a set in the union. By definition of union, $y$ is contained in the whole union. This finishes the proof of $(a,b) subseteq bigcup_n=1^infty [a+1/n, b-1/n]$.
    – Arthur
    Aug 2 at 6:34











  • Thanks. I am wondering, for the first one, if we let $x notin [a,b]$, then how can we use the Arcimedean property as we did for the second proof?
    – Sihyun Kim
    Aug 2 at 6:45











  • @SihyunKim In that case, we need to split into cases: Either we have $x<a$, or we have $x>b$. If $x<a$, by the Archimedian property, there exists an $n$ such that ... On the other hand, if $x>b$, ... Either way there exists an $n$ such that $xnotin ldots$, and therefore by definition of intersection ...
    – Arthur
    Aug 2 at 6:49











  • I got it. Thanks again. :)
    – Sihyun Kim
    Aug 2 at 6:56

















up vote
1
down vote













Here is another approach that might help you. I would try to avoid proving both directions separately, and treat this as a simplification problem, simplifying the right hand side to the left hand side.$%
requirebegingroup
begingroup
newcommandcalcbeginalign quad &
newcommandop[1]\ #1 quad & quad unicodex201c
newcommandhints[1]mbox#1 \ quad & quad phantomunicodex201c
newcommandhint[1]mbox#1 unicodex201d \ quad &
newcommandendcalcendalign
%$



For example, for the second problem, which $;x;$ are in the RHS set? We calculate, for any $;x;$,
$$calc
x in bigcup_n=1^infty [a+1/n, b-1/n].
opequivhintdefinition of $;bigcup;$
langle exists n : n ge 1 : a+1/n le x le b-1/n rangle
opequivhintarithmetic -- the only real moment of inspiration
langle exists n : n ge 1 : a+1/n le x le b-1/n ;land; a<x<b rangle
opequivhint...a simple calculation to isolate $;n;$...
langle exists n : n ge 1 : n ge ldots land n ge ldots rangle ;land; a<x<b
opequivhintchoose a large enough $;n;$
a<x<b
opequivhintdefinition of open interval
x in (a,b)
endcalc$$



That proves the second statement.



$%
endgroup
%$






share|cite|improve this answer





















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    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes








    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes








    up vote
    2
    down vote



    accepted










    It is fine so far. For added correctness I would add "for any $n$" somewhere appropriate in both cases. For instance right before or right after the inequalities.



    For the top one, I would continue by considering an $xnotin [a,b]$ and show that it is not in the intersection (i.e. that at least one of the sets you're intersecting doesn't contain $x$). For the bottom one I would continue by considering a $yin(a,b)$ and show that it is in the union (i.e. that at least one of the sets you're unioning contains $y$). The Archimedean property will be of use in both cases.






    share|cite|improve this answer

















    • 1




      For the second one, let $y in (a,b)$. By Archiemedean property, $exists n$ such that $a+1/n<y$ and $b-1/n > y$. Then, $y in (a+1/n, b-1/n)$. Could give some more hint to proceed from here?
      – Sihyun Kim
      Aug 2 at 5:57






    • 1




      @SihyunKim Since $y in (a+1/n, b-1/n)$, we also have $y in [a+1/n, b-1/n]$, which is a set in the union. By definition of union, $y$ is contained in the whole union. This finishes the proof of $(a,b) subseteq bigcup_n=1^infty [a+1/n, b-1/n]$.
      – Arthur
      Aug 2 at 6:34











    • Thanks. I am wondering, for the first one, if we let $x notin [a,b]$, then how can we use the Arcimedean property as we did for the second proof?
      – Sihyun Kim
      Aug 2 at 6:45











    • @SihyunKim In that case, we need to split into cases: Either we have $x<a$, or we have $x>b$. If $x<a$, by the Archimedian property, there exists an $n$ such that ... On the other hand, if $x>b$, ... Either way there exists an $n$ such that $xnotin ldots$, and therefore by definition of intersection ...
      – Arthur
      Aug 2 at 6:49











    • I got it. Thanks again. :)
      – Sihyun Kim
      Aug 2 at 6:56














    up vote
    2
    down vote



    accepted










    It is fine so far. For added correctness I would add "for any $n$" somewhere appropriate in both cases. For instance right before or right after the inequalities.



    For the top one, I would continue by considering an $xnotin [a,b]$ and show that it is not in the intersection (i.e. that at least one of the sets you're intersecting doesn't contain $x$). For the bottom one I would continue by considering a $yin(a,b)$ and show that it is in the union (i.e. that at least one of the sets you're unioning contains $y$). The Archimedean property will be of use in both cases.






    share|cite|improve this answer

















    • 1




      For the second one, let $y in (a,b)$. By Archiemedean property, $exists n$ such that $a+1/n<y$ and $b-1/n > y$. Then, $y in (a+1/n, b-1/n)$. Could give some more hint to proceed from here?
      – Sihyun Kim
      Aug 2 at 5:57






    • 1




      @SihyunKim Since $y in (a+1/n, b-1/n)$, we also have $y in [a+1/n, b-1/n]$, which is a set in the union. By definition of union, $y$ is contained in the whole union. This finishes the proof of $(a,b) subseteq bigcup_n=1^infty [a+1/n, b-1/n]$.
      – Arthur
      Aug 2 at 6:34











    • Thanks. I am wondering, for the first one, if we let $x notin [a,b]$, then how can we use the Arcimedean property as we did for the second proof?
      – Sihyun Kim
      Aug 2 at 6:45











    • @SihyunKim In that case, we need to split into cases: Either we have $x<a$, or we have $x>b$. If $x<a$, by the Archimedian property, there exists an $n$ such that ... On the other hand, if $x>b$, ... Either way there exists an $n$ such that $xnotin ldots$, and therefore by definition of intersection ...
      – Arthur
      Aug 2 at 6:49











    • I got it. Thanks again. :)
      – Sihyun Kim
      Aug 2 at 6:56












    up vote
    2
    down vote



    accepted







    up vote
    2
    down vote



    accepted






    It is fine so far. For added correctness I would add "for any $n$" somewhere appropriate in both cases. For instance right before or right after the inequalities.



    For the top one, I would continue by considering an $xnotin [a,b]$ and show that it is not in the intersection (i.e. that at least one of the sets you're intersecting doesn't contain $x$). For the bottom one I would continue by considering a $yin(a,b)$ and show that it is in the union (i.e. that at least one of the sets you're unioning contains $y$). The Archimedean property will be of use in both cases.






    share|cite|improve this answer













    It is fine so far. For added correctness I would add "for any $n$" somewhere appropriate in both cases. For instance right before or right after the inequalities.



    For the top one, I would continue by considering an $xnotin [a,b]$ and show that it is not in the intersection (i.e. that at least one of the sets you're intersecting doesn't contain $x$). For the bottom one I would continue by considering a $yin(a,b)$ and show that it is in the union (i.e. that at least one of the sets you're unioning contains $y$). The Archimedean property will be of use in both cases.







    share|cite|improve this answer













    share|cite|improve this answer



    share|cite|improve this answer











    answered Aug 2 at 5:44









    Arthur

    98.2k793174




    98.2k793174







    • 1




      For the second one, let $y in (a,b)$. By Archiemedean property, $exists n$ such that $a+1/n<y$ and $b-1/n > y$. Then, $y in (a+1/n, b-1/n)$. Could give some more hint to proceed from here?
      – Sihyun Kim
      Aug 2 at 5:57






    • 1




      @SihyunKim Since $y in (a+1/n, b-1/n)$, we also have $y in [a+1/n, b-1/n]$, which is a set in the union. By definition of union, $y$ is contained in the whole union. This finishes the proof of $(a,b) subseteq bigcup_n=1^infty [a+1/n, b-1/n]$.
      – Arthur
      Aug 2 at 6:34











    • Thanks. I am wondering, for the first one, if we let $x notin [a,b]$, then how can we use the Arcimedean property as we did for the second proof?
      – Sihyun Kim
      Aug 2 at 6:45











    • @SihyunKim In that case, we need to split into cases: Either we have $x<a$, or we have $x>b$. If $x<a$, by the Archimedian property, there exists an $n$ such that ... On the other hand, if $x>b$, ... Either way there exists an $n$ such that $xnotin ldots$, and therefore by definition of intersection ...
      – Arthur
      Aug 2 at 6:49











    • I got it. Thanks again. :)
      – Sihyun Kim
      Aug 2 at 6:56












    • 1




      For the second one, let $y in (a,b)$. By Archiemedean property, $exists n$ such that $a+1/n<y$ and $b-1/n > y$. Then, $y in (a+1/n, b-1/n)$. Could give some more hint to proceed from here?
      – Sihyun Kim
      Aug 2 at 5:57






    • 1




      @SihyunKim Since $y in (a+1/n, b-1/n)$, we also have $y in [a+1/n, b-1/n]$, which is a set in the union. By definition of union, $y$ is contained in the whole union. This finishes the proof of $(a,b) subseteq bigcup_n=1^infty [a+1/n, b-1/n]$.
      – Arthur
      Aug 2 at 6:34











    • Thanks. I am wondering, for the first one, if we let $x notin [a,b]$, then how can we use the Arcimedean property as we did for the second proof?
      – Sihyun Kim
      Aug 2 at 6:45











    • @SihyunKim In that case, we need to split into cases: Either we have $x<a$, or we have $x>b$. If $x<a$, by the Archimedian property, there exists an $n$ such that ... On the other hand, if $x>b$, ... Either way there exists an $n$ such that $xnotin ldots$, and therefore by definition of intersection ...
      – Arthur
      Aug 2 at 6:49











    • I got it. Thanks again. :)
      – Sihyun Kim
      Aug 2 at 6:56







    1




    1




    For the second one, let $y in (a,b)$. By Archiemedean property, $exists n$ such that $a+1/n<y$ and $b-1/n > y$. Then, $y in (a+1/n, b-1/n)$. Could give some more hint to proceed from here?
    – Sihyun Kim
    Aug 2 at 5:57




    For the second one, let $y in (a,b)$. By Archiemedean property, $exists n$ such that $a+1/n<y$ and $b-1/n > y$. Then, $y in (a+1/n, b-1/n)$. Could give some more hint to proceed from here?
    – Sihyun Kim
    Aug 2 at 5:57




    1




    1




    @SihyunKim Since $y in (a+1/n, b-1/n)$, we also have $y in [a+1/n, b-1/n]$, which is a set in the union. By definition of union, $y$ is contained in the whole union. This finishes the proof of $(a,b) subseteq bigcup_n=1^infty [a+1/n, b-1/n]$.
    – Arthur
    Aug 2 at 6:34





    @SihyunKim Since $y in (a+1/n, b-1/n)$, we also have $y in [a+1/n, b-1/n]$, which is a set in the union. By definition of union, $y$ is contained in the whole union. This finishes the proof of $(a,b) subseteq bigcup_n=1^infty [a+1/n, b-1/n]$.
    – Arthur
    Aug 2 at 6:34













    Thanks. I am wondering, for the first one, if we let $x notin [a,b]$, then how can we use the Arcimedean property as we did for the second proof?
    – Sihyun Kim
    Aug 2 at 6:45





    Thanks. I am wondering, for the first one, if we let $x notin [a,b]$, then how can we use the Arcimedean property as we did for the second proof?
    – Sihyun Kim
    Aug 2 at 6:45













    @SihyunKim In that case, we need to split into cases: Either we have $x<a$, or we have $x>b$. If $x<a$, by the Archimedian property, there exists an $n$ such that ... On the other hand, if $x>b$, ... Either way there exists an $n$ such that $xnotin ldots$, and therefore by definition of intersection ...
    – Arthur
    Aug 2 at 6:49





    @SihyunKim In that case, we need to split into cases: Either we have $x<a$, or we have $x>b$. If $x<a$, by the Archimedian property, there exists an $n$ such that ... On the other hand, if $x>b$, ... Either way there exists an $n$ such that $xnotin ldots$, and therefore by definition of intersection ...
    – Arthur
    Aug 2 at 6:49













    I got it. Thanks again. :)
    – Sihyun Kim
    Aug 2 at 6:56




    I got it. Thanks again. :)
    – Sihyun Kim
    Aug 2 at 6:56










    up vote
    1
    down vote













    Here is another approach that might help you. I would try to avoid proving both directions separately, and treat this as a simplification problem, simplifying the right hand side to the left hand side.$%
    requirebegingroup
    begingroup
    newcommandcalcbeginalign quad &
    newcommandop[1]\ #1 quad & quad unicodex201c
    newcommandhints[1]mbox#1 \ quad & quad phantomunicodex201c
    newcommandhint[1]mbox#1 unicodex201d \ quad &
    newcommandendcalcendalign
    %$



    For example, for the second problem, which $;x;$ are in the RHS set? We calculate, for any $;x;$,
    $$calc
    x in bigcup_n=1^infty [a+1/n, b-1/n].
    opequivhintdefinition of $;bigcup;$
    langle exists n : n ge 1 : a+1/n le x le b-1/n rangle
    opequivhintarithmetic -- the only real moment of inspiration
    langle exists n : n ge 1 : a+1/n le x le b-1/n ;land; a<x<b rangle
    opequivhint...a simple calculation to isolate $;n;$...
    langle exists n : n ge 1 : n ge ldots land n ge ldots rangle ;land; a<x<b
    opequivhintchoose a large enough $;n;$
    a<x<b
    opequivhintdefinition of open interval
    x in (a,b)
    endcalc$$



    That proves the second statement.



    $%
    endgroup
    %$






    share|cite|improve this answer

























      up vote
      1
      down vote













      Here is another approach that might help you. I would try to avoid proving both directions separately, and treat this as a simplification problem, simplifying the right hand side to the left hand side.$%
      requirebegingroup
      begingroup
      newcommandcalcbeginalign quad &
      newcommandop[1]\ #1 quad & quad unicodex201c
      newcommandhints[1]mbox#1 \ quad & quad phantomunicodex201c
      newcommandhint[1]mbox#1 unicodex201d \ quad &
      newcommandendcalcendalign
      %$



      For example, for the second problem, which $;x;$ are in the RHS set? We calculate, for any $;x;$,
      $$calc
      x in bigcup_n=1^infty [a+1/n, b-1/n].
      opequivhintdefinition of $;bigcup;$
      langle exists n : n ge 1 : a+1/n le x le b-1/n rangle
      opequivhintarithmetic -- the only real moment of inspiration
      langle exists n : n ge 1 : a+1/n le x le b-1/n ;land; a<x<b rangle
      opequivhint...a simple calculation to isolate $;n;$...
      langle exists n : n ge 1 : n ge ldots land n ge ldots rangle ;land; a<x<b
      opequivhintchoose a large enough $;n;$
      a<x<b
      opequivhintdefinition of open interval
      x in (a,b)
      endcalc$$



      That proves the second statement.



      $%
      endgroup
      %$






      share|cite|improve this answer























        up vote
        1
        down vote










        up vote
        1
        down vote









        Here is another approach that might help you. I would try to avoid proving both directions separately, and treat this as a simplification problem, simplifying the right hand side to the left hand side.$%
        requirebegingroup
        begingroup
        newcommandcalcbeginalign quad &
        newcommandop[1]\ #1 quad & quad unicodex201c
        newcommandhints[1]mbox#1 \ quad & quad phantomunicodex201c
        newcommandhint[1]mbox#1 unicodex201d \ quad &
        newcommandendcalcendalign
        %$



        For example, for the second problem, which $;x;$ are in the RHS set? We calculate, for any $;x;$,
        $$calc
        x in bigcup_n=1^infty [a+1/n, b-1/n].
        opequivhintdefinition of $;bigcup;$
        langle exists n : n ge 1 : a+1/n le x le b-1/n rangle
        opequivhintarithmetic -- the only real moment of inspiration
        langle exists n : n ge 1 : a+1/n le x le b-1/n ;land; a<x<b rangle
        opequivhint...a simple calculation to isolate $;n;$...
        langle exists n : n ge 1 : n ge ldots land n ge ldots rangle ;land; a<x<b
        opequivhintchoose a large enough $;n;$
        a<x<b
        opequivhintdefinition of open interval
        x in (a,b)
        endcalc$$



        That proves the second statement.



        $%
        endgroup
        %$






        share|cite|improve this answer













        Here is another approach that might help you. I would try to avoid proving both directions separately, and treat this as a simplification problem, simplifying the right hand side to the left hand side.$%
        requirebegingroup
        begingroup
        newcommandcalcbeginalign quad &
        newcommandop[1]\ #1 quad & quad unicodex201c
        newcommandhints[1]mbox#1 \ quad & quad phantomunicodex201c
        newcommandhint[1]mbox#1 unicodex201d \ quad &
        newcommandendcalcendalign
        %$



        For example, for the second problem, which $;x;$ are in the RHS set? We calculate, for any $;x;$,
        $$calc
        x in bigcup_n=1^infty [a+1/n, b-1/n].
        opequivhintdefinition of $;bigcup;$
        langle exists n : n ge 1 : a+1/n le x le b-1/n rangle
        opequivhintarithmetic -- the only real moment of inspiration
        langle exists n : n ge 1 : a+1/n le x le b-1/n ;land; a<x<b rangle
        opequivhint...a simple calculation to isolate $;n;$...
        langle exists n : n ge 1 : n ge ldots land n ge ldots rangle ;land; a<x<b
        opequivhintchoose a large enough $;n;$
        a<x<b
        opequivhintdefinition of open interval
        x in (a,b)
        endcalc$$



        That proves the second statement.



        $%
        endgroup
        %$







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        answered Aug 2 at 20:33









        Marnix Klooster

        4,12212144




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