Show that $Cl_betamathbbN0,2,4,…$ is open in $betamathbbN$

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Let $betamathbbN$ denote the Stone-Cech compactification of the space $mathbbN$ of the natural numbers with the discrete topology and let $E$ denote the set of even natural numbers. Show that the closure $Cl_betamathbbN(E)$ is open in $betamathbbN$.



I understand the universal property of the Stone-Cech compactification. I understand that the Stone-Cech compactification is the maximal compactification and I understand the sense in which it is maximal. I also understand the standard construction of the Stone-Cech compactification as the closure of the image of an imbedding of your topological space into $[0,1]^C$ where $C$ is the set of continuous function from your space to $[0,1]$. However, I don't know how to determine when a subset of the Stone-Cech compactification is open nor do I know what any of the elements of $beta Xsetminus X$ look like for a space $X$.







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  • 3




    Maybe show that its complement is $Cl_betamathbbN1,3,5,…$, obviously closed.
    – GEdgar
    Aug 6 at 16:54






  • 1




    For the description of $beta Xsetminus X$ (or $beta X$ more generally) when $X$ is discrete (e.g. $mathbbN$), I like the construction as the set of ultrafilters better
    – Max
    Aug 6 at 18:35











  • @GEdgar I honestly would have never guessed that those two sets were complements of one another.
    – Julian Benali
    Aug 11 at 19:38














up vote
1
down vote

favorite












Let $betamathbbN$ denote the Stone-Cech compactification of the space $mathbbN$ of the natural numbers with the discrete topology and let $E$ denote the set of even natural numbers. Show that the closure $Cl_betamathbbN(E)$ is open in $betamathbbN$.



I understand the universal property of the Stone-Cech compactification. I understand that the Stone-Cech compactification is the maximal compactification and I understand the sense in which it is maximal. I also understand the standard construction of the Stone-Cech compactification as the closure of the image of an imbedding of your topological space into $[0,1]^C$ where $C$ is the set of continuous function from your space to $[0,1]$. However, I don't know how to determine when a subset of the Stone-Cech compactification is open nor do I know what any of the elements of $beta Xsetminus X$ look like for a space $X$.







share|cite|improve this question

















  • 3




    Maybe show that its complement is $Cl_betamathbbN1,3,5,…$, obviously closed.
    – GEdgar
    Aug 6 at 16:54






  • 1




    For the description of $beta Xsetminus X$ (or $beta X$ more generally) when $X$ is discrete (e.g. $mathbbN$), I like the construction as the set of ultrafilters better
    – Max
    Aug 6 at 18:35











  • @GEdgar I honestly would have never guessed that those two sets were complements of one another.
    – Julian Benali
    Aug 11 at 19:38












up vote
1
down vote

favorite









up vote
1
down vote

favorite











Let $betamathbbN$ denote the Stone-Cech compactification of the space $mathbbN$ of the natural numbers with the discrete topology and let $E$ denote the set of even natural numbers. Show that the closure $Cl_betamathbbN(E)$ is open in $betamathbbN$.



I understand the universal property of the Stone-Cech compactification. I understand that the Stone-Cech compactification is the maximal compactification and I understand the sense in which it is maximal. I also understand the standard construction of the Stone-Cech compactification as the closure of the image of an imbedding of your topological space into $[0,1]^C$ where $C$ is the set of continuous function from your space to $[0,1]$. However, I don't know how to determine when a subset of the Stone-Cech compactification is open nor do I know what any of the elements of $beta Xsetminus X$ look like for a space $X$.







share|cite|improve this question













Let $betamathbbN$ denote the Stone-Cech compactification of the space $mathbbN$ of the natural numbers with the discrete topology and let $E$ denote the set of even natural numbers. Show that the closure $Cl_betamathbbN(E)$ is open in $betamathbbN$.



I understand the universal property of the Stone-Cech compactification. I understand that the Stone-Cech compactification is the maximal compactification and I understand the sense in which it is maximal. I also understand the standard construction of the Stone-Cech compactification as the closure of the image of an imbedding of your topological space into $[0,1]^C$ where $C$ is the set of continuous function from your space to $[0,1]$. However, I don't know how to determine when a subset of the Stone-Cech compactification is open nor do I know what any of the elements of $beta Xsetminus X$ look like for a space $X$.









share|cite|improve this question












share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question








edited Aug 8 at 16:25
























asked Aug 6 at 16:25









Julian Benali

27212




27212







  • 3




    Maybe show that its complement is $Cl_betamathbbN1,3,5,…$, obviously closed.
    – GEdgar
    Aug 6 at 16:54






  • 1




    For the description of $beta Xsetminus X$ (or $beta X$ more generally) when $X$ is discrete (e.g. $mathbbN$), I like the construction as the set of ultrafilters better
    – Max
    Aug 6 at 18:35











  • @GEdgar I honestly would have never guessed that those two sets were complements of one another.
    – Julian Benali
    Aug 11 at 19:38












  • 3




    Maybe show that its complement is $Cl_betamathbbN1,3,5,…$, obviously closed.
    – GEdgar
    Aug 6 at 16:54






  • 1




    For the description of $beta Xsetminus X$ (or $beta X$ more generally) when $X$ is discrete (e.g. $mathbbN$), I like the construction as the set of ultrafilters better
    – Max
    Aug 6 at 18:35











  • @GEdgar I honestly would have never guessed that those two sets were complements of one another.
    – Julian Benali
    Aug 11 at 19:38







3




3




Maybe show that its complement is $Cl_betamathbbN1,3,5,…$, obviously closed.
– GEdgar
Aug 6 at 16:54




Maybe show that its complement is $Cl_betamathbbN1,3,5,…$, obviously closed.
– GEdgar
Aug 6 at 16:54




1




1




For the description of $beta Xsetminus X$ (or $beta X$ more generally) when $X$ is discrete (e.g. $mathbbN$), I like the construction as the set of ultrafilters better
– Max
Aug 6 at 18:35





For the description of $beta Xsetminus X$ (or $beta X$ more generally) when $X$ is discrete (e.g. $mathbbN$), I like the construction as the set of ultrafilters better
– Max
Aug 6 at 18:35













@GEdgar I honestly would have never guessed that those two sets were complements of one another.
– Julian Benali
Aug 11 at 19:38




@GEdgar I honestly would have never guessed that those two sets were complements of one another.
– Julian Benali
Aug 11 at 19:38










2 Answers
2






active

oldest

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up vote
2
down vote













Hint: Consider the "parity" function $f:mathbbNtoleft0,1right$,
$$f(x)=begincases0&text if xtext is even\
1&text if xtext is oddendcases$$
and remember that $left0,1right$ is compact.






share|cite|improve this answer





















  • Thanks. I don't see where the compactness of $0,1$ comes into play.
    – Julian Benali
    Aug 11 at 20:16







  • 1




    @JulianBenali because you can extend $f$ because of that compactness of the codomain.
    – Henno Brandsma
    Aug 11 at 20:45






  • 1




    Oh I see. Using the universal property of $betamathbbN$, $f$ extends to the function which sends $Cl_betamathbbNE$ to $0$ and its compliment to $1$. Thanks!
    – Julian Benali
    Aug 12 at 0:19






  • 1




    @JulianBenali Precisely. Note that this argument doesn't use any properties of $E$, and generalizes as follows: if $E$ is any clopen set of a locally compact Hausdorff $X$, then the closure of $E$ in $beta X$ is clopen.
    – Luiz Cordeiro
    Aug 13 at 0:18










  • I noticed that! Thank you!
    – Julian Benali
    Aug 14 at 0:17

















up vote
0
down vote



accepted










Attempted solution to my problem:



I claim that $Cl_betamathbbN(E)$ and $Cl_betamathbbN(mathbbNsetminus E)$ are compliments of one another in $betamathbbN$. First, note that because $EsubsetmathbbN$, $Cl_betamathbbNE=Cl_[0,1]^C(E)capbetamathbbN=Cl_[0,1]^C(E)cap Cl_[0,1]^C(mathbbN)=Cl_[0,1]^C(E)$ which I will simply denote $overlineE$, and similarly $Cl_betamathbbN(mathbbNsetminus E)=Cl_[0,1]^C(mathbbNsetminus E)=overlinemathbbNsetminus E$.



Assume that $(x_f)_fin CinoverlineEcapoverlinemathbbNsetminus E$ and consider the parity function $gin C$ which sends even natural numbers to $0$ and odd natural numbers to $1$. If $x_gneq 0$, then the open set $prod_fin CU_f$ of $[0,1]^C$ defined by $U_f=[0,1]$ if $fneq g$ and $U_g=(0,1]$ is a neighborhood of $(x_f)_fin C$ which is disjoint from $E$ contradicting the assumption that $(x_f)_fin CinoverlineE$, so we must have $x_g=0$. But now, the open set $prod_fin CV_f$ defined by $V_f=[0,1]$ if $fneq g$ and $V_g=[0,1)$ is a neighborhood of $(x_f)_fin C$ which is disjoint from $mathbbNsetminus E$ contradicting the assumption that $(x_f)_fin CinoverlinemathbbNsetminus E$. Thus, by way of contradiction, it must be the case that $overlineEcapoverlinemathbbNsetminus E=emptyset$.



Finally, we see that $overlineEcupoverlinemathbbNsetminus E=overlineEcup(mathbbNsetminus E)=overlinemathbbN=betamathbbN$. Thus, we conclude that $overlineE$ and $overlinemathbbNsetminus E$ are compliments of one another. Since they are both closed, they are also both open.






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    2 Answers
    2






    active

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    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

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    active

    oldest

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    up vote
    2
    down vote













    Hint: Consider the "parity" function $f:mathbbNtoleft0,1right$,
    $$f(x)=begincases0&text if xtext is even\
    1&text if xtext is oddendcases$$
    and remember that $left0,1right$ is compact.






    share|cite|improve this answer





















    • Thanks. I don't see where the compactness of $0,1$ comes into play.
      – Julian Benali
      Aug 11 at 20:16







    • 1




      @JulianBenali because you can extend $f$ because of that compactness of the codomain.
      – Henno Brandsma
      Aug 11 at 20:45






    • 1




      Oh I see. Using the universal property of $betamathbbN$, $f$ extends to the function which sends $Cl_betamathbbNE$ to $0$ and its compliment to $1$. Thanks!
      – Julian Benali
      Aug 12 at 0:19






    • 1




      @JulianBenali Precisely. Note that this argument doesn't use any properties of $E$, and generalizes as follows: if $E$ is any clopen set of a locally compact Hausdorff $X$, then the closure of $E$ in $beta X$ is clopen.
      – Luiz Cordeiro
      Aug 13 at 0:18










    • I noticed that! Thank you!
      – Julian Benali
      Aug 14 at 0:17














    up vote
    2
    down vote













    Hint: Consider the "parity" function $f:mathbbNtoleft0,1right$,
    $$f(x)=begincases0&text if xtext is even\
    1&text if xtext is oddendcases$$
    and remember that $left0,1right$ is compact.






    share|cite|improve this answer





















    • Thanks. I don't see where the compactness of $0,1$ comes into play.
      – Julian Benali
      Aug 11 at 20:16







    • 1




      @JulianBenali because you can extend $f$ because of that compactness of the codomain.
      – Henno Brandsma
      Aug 11 at 20:45






    • 1




      Oh I see. Using the universal property of $betamathbbN$, $f$ extends to the function which sends $Cl_betamathbbNE$ to $0$ and its compliment to $1$. Thanks!
      – Julian Benali
      Aug 12 at 0:19






    • 1




      @JulianBenali Precisely. Note that this argument doesn't use any properties of $E$, and generalizes as follows: if $E$ is any clopen set of a locally compact Hausdorff $X$, then the closure of $E$ in $beta X$ is clopen.
      – Luiz Cordeiro
      Aug 13 at 0:18










    • I noticed that! Thank you!
      – Julian Benali
      Aug 14 at 0:17












    up vote
    2
    down vote










    up vote
    2
    down vote









    Hint: Consider the "parity" function $f:mathbbNtoleft0,1right$,
    $$f(x)=begincases0&text if xtext is even\
    1&text if xtext is oddendcases$$
    and remember that $left0,1right$ is compact.






    share|cite|improve this answer













    Hint: Consider the "parity" function $f:mathbbNtoleft0,1right$,
    $$f(x)=begincases0&text if xtext is even\
    1&text if xtext is oddendcases$$
    and remember that $left0,1right$ is compact.







    share|cite|improve this answer













    share|cite|improve this answer



    share|cite|improve this answer











    answered Aug 6 at 21:09









    Luiz Cordeiro

    12.2k1041




    12.2k1041











    • Thanks. I don't see where the compactness of $0,1$ comes into play.
      – Julian Benali
      Aug 11 at 20:16







    • 1




      @JulianBenali because you can extend $f$ because of that compactness of the codomain.
      – Henno Brandsma
      Aug 11 at 20:45






    • 1




      Oh I see. Using the universal property of $betamathbbN$, $f$ extends to the function which sends $Cl_betamathbbNE$ to $0$ and its compliment to $1$. Thanks!
      – Julian Benali
      Aug 12 at 0:19






    • 1




      @JulianBenali Precisely. Note that this argument doesn't use any properties of $E$, and generalizes as follows: if $E$ is any clopen set of a locally compact Hausdorff $X$, then the closure of $E$ in $beta X$ is clopen.
      – Luiz Cordeiro
      Aug 13 at 0:18










    • I noticed that! Thank you!
      – Julian Benali
      Aug 14 at 0:17
















    • Thanks. I don't see where the compactness of $0,1$ comes into play.
      – Julian Benali
      Aug 11 at 20:16







    • 1




      @JulianBenali because you can extend $f$ because of that compactness of the codomain.
      – Henno Brandsma
      Aug 11 at 20:45






    • 1




      Oh I see. Using the universal property of $betamathbbN$, $f$ extends to the function which sends $Cl_betamathbbNE$ to $0$ and its compliment to $1$. Thanks!
      – Julian Benali
      Aug 12 at 0:19






    • 1




      @JulianBenali Precisely. Note that this argument doesn't use any properties of $E$, and generalizes as follows: if $E$ is any clopen set of a locally compact Hausdorff $X$, then the closure of $E$ in $beta X$ is clopen.
      – Luiz Cordeiro
      Aug 13 at 0:18










    • I noticed that! Thank you!
      – Julian Benali
      Aug 14 at 0:17















    Thanks. I don't see where the compactness of $0,1$ comes into play.
    – Julian Benali
    Aug 11 at 20:16





    Thanks. I don't see where the compactness of $0,1$ comes into play.
    – Julian Benali
    Aug 11 at 20:16





    1




    1




    @JulianBenali because you can extend $f$ because of that compactness of the codomain.
    – Henno Brandsma
    Aug 11 at 20:45




    @JulianBenali because you can extend $f$ because of that compactness of the codomain.
    – Henno Brandsma
    Aug 11 at 20:45




    1




    1




    Oh I see. Using the universal property of $betamathbbN$, $f$ extends to the function which sends $Cl_betamathbbNE$ to $0$ and its compliment to $1$. Thanks!
    – Julian Benali
    Aug 12 at 0:19




    Oh I see. Using the universal property of $betamathbbN$, $f$ extends to the function which sends $Cl_betamathbbNE$ to $0$ and its compliment to $1$. Thanks!
    – Julian Benali
    Aug 12 at 0:19




    1




    1




    @JulianBenali Precisely. Note that this argument doesn't use any properties of $E$, and generalizes as follows: if $E$ is any clopen set of a locally compact Hausdorff $X$, then the closure of $E$ in $beta X$ is clopen.
    – Luiz Cordeiro
    Aug 13 at 0:18




    @JulianBenali Precisely. Note that this argument doesn't use any properties of $E$, and generalizes as follows: if $E$ is any clopen set of a locally compact Hausdorff $X$, then the closure of $E$ in $beta X$ is clopen.
    – Luiz Cordeiro
    Aug 13 at 0:18












    I noticed that! Thank you!
    – Julian Benali
    Aug 14 at 0:17




    I noticed that! Thank you!
    – Julian Benali
    Aug 14 at 0:17










    up vote
    0
    down vote



    accepted










    Attempted solution to my problem:



    I claim that $Cl_betamathbbN(E)$ and $Cl_betamathbbN(mathbbNsetminus E)$ are compliments of one another in $betamathbbN$. First, note that because $EsubsetmathbbN$, $Cl_betamathbbNE=Cl_[0,1]^C(E)capbetamathbbN=Cl_[0,1]^C(E)cap Cl_[0,1]^C(mathbbN)=Cl_[0,1]^C(E)$ which I will simply denote $overlineE$, and similarly $Cl_betamathbbN(mathbbNsetminus E)=Cl_[0,1]^C(mathbbNsetminus E)=overlinemathbbNsetminus E$.



    Assume that $(x_f)_fin CinoverlineEcapoverlinemathbbNsetminus E$ and consider the parity function $gin C$ which sends even natural numbers to $0$ and odd natural numbers to $1$. If $x_gneq 0$, then the open set $prod_fin CU_f$ of $[0,1]^C$ defined by $U_f=[0,1]$ if $fneq g$ and $U_g=(0,1]$ is a neighborhood of $(x_f)_fin C$ which is disjoint from $E$ contradicting the assumption that $(x_f)_fin CinoverlineE$, so we must have $x_g=0$. But now, the open set $prod_fin CV_f$ defined by $V_f=[0,1]$ if $fneq g$ and $V_g=[0,1)$ is a neighborhood of $(x_f)_fin C$ which is disjoint from $mathbbNsetminus E$ contradicting the assumption that $(x_f)_fin CinoverlinemathbbNsetminus E$. Thus, by way of contradiction, it must be the case that $overlineEcapoverlinemathbbNsetminus E=emptyset$.



    Finally, we see that $overlineEcupoverlinemathbbNsetminus E=overlineEcup(mathbbNsetminus E)=overlinemathbbN=betamathbbN$. Thus, we conclude that $overlineE$ and $overlinemathbbNsetminus E$ are compliments of one another. Since they are both closed, they are also both open.






    share|cite|improve this answer

























      up vote
      0
      down vote



      accepted










      Attempted solution to my problem:



      I claim that $Cl_betamathbbN(E)$ and $Cl_betamathbbN(mathbbNsetminus E)$ are compliments of one another in $betamathbbN$. First, note that because $EsubsetmathbbN$, $Cl_betamathbbNE=Cl_[0,1]^C(E)capbetamathbbN=Cl_[0,1]^C(E)cap Cl_[0,1]^C(mathbbN)=Cl_[0,1]^C(E)$ which I will simply denote $overlineE$, and similarly $Cl_betamathbbN(mathbbNsetminus E)=Cl_[0,1]^C(mathbbNsetminus E)=overlinemathbbNsetminus E$.



      Assume that $(x_f)_fin CinoverlineEcapoverlinemathbbNsetminus E$ and consider the parity function $gin C$ which sends even natural numbers to $0$ and odd natural numbers to $1$. If $x_gneq 0$, then the open set $prod_fin CU_f$ of $[0,1]^C$ defined by $U_f=[0,1]$ if $fneq g$ and $U_g=(0,1]$ is a neighborhood of $(x_f)_fin C$ which is disjoint from $E$ contradicting the assumption that $(x_f)_fin CinoverlineE$, so we must have $x_g=0$. But now, the open set $prod_fin CV_f$ defined by $V_f=[0,1]$ if $fneq g$ and $V_g=[0,1)$ is a neighborhood of $(x_f)_fin C$ which is disjoint from $mathbbNsetminus E$ contradicting the assumption that $(x_f)_fin CinoverlinemathbbNsetminus E$. Thus, by way of contradiction, it must be the case that $overlineEcapoverlinemathbbNsetminus E=emptyset$.



      Finally, we see that $overlineEcupoverlinemathbbNsetminus E=overlineEcup(mathbbNsetminus E)=overlinemathbbN=betamathbbN$. Thus, we conclude that $overlineE$ and $overlinemathbbNsetminus E$ are compliments of one another. Since they are both closed, they are also both open.






      share|cite|improve this answer























        up vote
        0
        down vote



        accepted







        up vote
        0
        down vote



        accepted






        Attempted solution to my problem:



        I claim that $Cl_betamathbbN(E)$ and $Cl_betamathbbN(mathbbNsetminus E)$ are compliments of one another in $betamathbbN$. First, note that because $EsubsetmathbbN$, $Cl_betamathbbNE=Cl_[0,1]^C(E)capbetamathbbN=Cl_[0,1]^C(E)cap Cl_[0,1]^C(mathbbN)=Cl_[0,1]^C(E)$ which I will simply denote $overlineE$, and similarly $Cl_betamathbbN(mathbbNsetminus E)=Cl_[0,1]^C(mathbbNsetminus E)=overlinemathbbNsetminus E$.



        Assume that $(x_f)_fin CinoverlineEcapoverlinemathbbNsetminus E$ and consider the parity function $gin C$ which sends even natural numbers to $0$ and odd natural numbers to $1$. If $x_gneq 0$, then the open set $prod_fin CU_f$ of $[0,1]^C$ defined by $U_f=[0,1]$ if $fneq g$ and $U_g=(0,1]$ is a neighborhood of $(x_f)_fin C$ which is disjoint from $E$ contradicting the assumption that $(x_f)_fin CinoverlineE$, so we must have $x_g=0$. But now, the open set $prod_fin CV_f$ defined by $V_f=[0,1]$ if $fneq g$ and $V_g=[0,1)$ is a neighborhood of $(x_f)_fin C$ which is disjoint from $mathbbNsetminus E$ contradicting the assumption that $(x_f)_fin CinoverlinemathbbNsetminus E$. Thus, by way of contradiction, it must be the case that $overlineEcapoverlinemathbbNsetminus E=emptyset$.



        Finally, we see that $overlineEcupoverlinemathbbNsetminus E=overlineEcup(mathbbNsetminus E)=overlinemathbbN=betamathbbN$. Thus, we conclude that $overlineE$ and $overlinemathbbNsetminus E$ are compliments of one another. Since they are both closed, they are also both open.






        share|cite|improve this answer













        Attempted solution to my problem:



        I claim that $Cl_betamathbbN(E)$ and $Cl_betamathbbN(mathbbNsetminus E)$ are compliments of one another in $betamathbbN$. First, note that because $EsubsetmathbbN$, $Cl_betamathbbNE=Cl_[0,1]^C(E)capbetamathbbN=Cl_[0,1]^C(E)cap Cl_[0,1]^C(mathbbN)=Cl_[0,1]^C(E)$ which I will simply denote $overlineE$, and similarly $Cl_betamathbbN(mathbbNsetminus E)=Cl_[0,1]^C(mathbbNsetminus E)=overlinemathbbNsetminus E$.



        Assume that $(x_f)_fin CinoverlineEcapoverlinemathbbNsetminus E$ and consider the parity function $gin C$ which sends even natural numbers to $0$ and odd natural numbers to $1$. If $x_gneq 0$, then the open set $prod_fin CU_f$ of $[0,1]^C$ defined by $U_f=[0,1]$ if $fneq g$ and $U_g=(0,1]$ is a neighborhood of $(x_f)_fin C$ which is disjoint from $E$ contradicting the assumption that $(x_f)_fin CinoverlineE$, so we must have $x_g=0$. But now, the open set $prod_fin CV_f$ defined by $V_f=[0,1]$ if $fneq g$ and $V_g=[0,1)$ is a neighborhood of $(x_f)_fin C$ which is disjoint from $mathbbNsetminus E$ contradicting the assumption that $(x_f)_fin CinoverlinemathbbNsetminus E$. Thus, by way of contradiction, it must be the case that $overlineEcapoverlinemathbbNsetminus E=emptyset$.



        Finally, we see that $overlineEcupoverlinemathbbNsetminus E=overlineEcup(mathbbNsetminus E)=overlinemathbbN=betamathbbN$. Thus, we conclude that $overlineE$ and $overlinemathbbNsetminus E$ are compliments of one another. Since they are both closed, they are also both open.







        share|cite|improve this answer













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        answered Aug 11 at 20:15









        Julian Benali

        27212




        27212






















             

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            Relationship between determinant of matrix and determinant of adjoint?