U-substitution step to solve Integral

The name of the pictureThe name of the pictureThe name of the pictureClash Royale CLAN TAG#URR8PPP











up vote
0
down vote

favorite












I'm looking at how an integral was computed in "Paul's online math notes" in the section on U-substitution and am a bit confused. In the original expression there are $2$ $x$'s, one in front of $cos$ and the other as the numerator in the second term. When he substitutes $xdx=dfrac12du$ why does $dfrac12du$ replace both $x$ terms?



thanks



enter image description here




calculus integration proof-explanation




share|cite|improve this question





















  • The formulas are written loosely, there are missing (or implied) parenthesis.
    – Yves Daoust
    Jul 21 at 9:58











  • ok. So the $dx$ or $du$ at the end of an integral is always assumed to be outside parentheses that contain the expression?
    – john fowles
    Jul 21 at 10:03














up vote
0
down vote

favorite












I'm looking at how an integral was computed in "Paul's online math notes" in the section on U-substitution and am a bit confused. In the original expression there are $2$ $x$'s, one in front of $cos$ and the other as the numerator in the second term. When he substitutes $xdx=dfrac12du$ why does $dfrac12du$ replace both $x$ terms?



thanks



enter image description here




calculus integration proof-explanation




share|cite|improve this question





















  • The formulas are written loosely, there are missing (or implied) parenthesis.
    – Yves Daoust
    Jul 21 at 9:58











  • ok. So the $dx$ or $du$ at the end of an integral is always assumed to be outside parentheses that contain the expression?
    – john fowles
    Jul 21 at 10:03












up vote
0
down vote

favorite









up vote
0
down vote

favorite











I'm looking at how an integral was computed in "Paul's online math notes" in the section on U-substitution and am a bit confused. In the original expression there are $2$ $x$'s, one in front of $cos$ and the other as the numerator in the second term. When he substitutes $xdx=dfrac12du$ why does $dfrac12du$ replace both $x$ terms?



thanks



enter image description here




calculus integration proof-explanation




share|cite|improve this question













I'm looking at how an integral was computed in "Paul's online math notes" in the section on U-substitution and am a bit confused. In the original expression there are $2$ $x$'s, one in front of $cos$ and the other as the numerator in the second term. When he substitutes $xdx=dfrac12du$ why does $dfrac12du$ replace both $x$ terms?



thanks



enter image description here





calculus integration proof-explanation





share|cite|improve this question












share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question








edited Jul 21 at 9:55
























asked Jul 21 at 9:45









john fowles

1,093817




1,093817











  • The formulas are written loosely, there are missing (or implied) parenthesis.
    – Yves Daoust
    Jul 21 at 9:58











  • ok. So the $dx$ or $du$ at the end of an integral is always assumed to be outside parentheses that contain the expression?
    – john fowles
    Jul 21 at 10:03
















  • The formulas are written loosely, there are missing (or implied) parenthesis.
    – Yves Daoust
    Jul 21 at 9:58











  • ok. So the $dx$ or $du$ at the end of an integral is always assumed to be outside parentheses that contain the expression?
    – john fowles
    Jul 21 at 10:03















The formulas are written loosely, there are missing (or implied) parenthesis.
– Yves Daoust
Jul 21 at 9:58





The formulas are written loosely, there are missing (or implied) parenthesis.
– Yves Daoust
Jul 21 at 9:58













ok. So the $dx$ or $du$ at the end of an integral is always assumed to be outside parentheses that contain the expression?
– john fowles
Jul 21 at 10:03




ok. So the $dx$ or $du$ at the end of an integral is always assumed to be outside parentheses that contain the expression?
– john fowles
Jul 21 at 10:03










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes

















up vote
1
down vote



accepted










They are factoring the $x$ out of both terms so there will only be one $x$ in front of parenthesis.



It is just a matter of convenience. You do not have to factor if you do not like it. Then of course you have two $ xdx$ to deal with.






share|cite|improve this answer





















  • Yes, that is what they meant. The parenthesis around cos(u) +1/u was left out.
    – Mohammad Riazi-Kermani
    Jul 21 at 10:15










Your Answer




StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function ()
return StackExchange.using("mathjaxEditing", function ()
StackExchange.MarkdownEditor.creationCallbacks.add(function (editor, postfix)
StackExchange.mathjaxEditing.prepareWmdForMathJax(editor, postfix, [["$", "$"], ["\\(","\\)"]]);
);
);
, "mathjax-editing");

StackExchange.ready(function()
var channelOptions =
tags: "".split(" "),
id: "69"
;
initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function()
// Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled)
StackExchange.using("snippets", function()
createEditor();
);

else
createEditor();

);

function createEditor()
StackExchange.prepareEditor(
heartbeatType: 'answer',
convertImagesToLinks: true,
noModals: false,
showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
reputationToPostImages: 10,
bindNavPrevention: true,
postfix: "",
noCode: true, onDemand: true,
discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
);



);








 

draft saved


draft discarded


















StackExchange.ready(
function ()
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f2858372%2fu-substitution-step-to-solve-integral%23new-answer', 'question_page');

);

Post as a guest

















1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes








1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes








up vote
1
down vote



accepted










They are factoring the $x$ out of both terms so there will only be one $x$ in front of parenthesis.



It is just a matter of convenience. You do not have to factor if you do not like it. Then of course you have two $ xdx$ to deal with.






share|cite|improve this answer





















  • Yes, that is what they meant. The parenthesis around cos(u) +1/u was left out.
    – Mohammad Riazi-Kermani
    Jul 21 at 10:15














up vote
1
down vote



accepted










They are factoring the $x$ out of both terms so there will only be one $x$ in front of parenthesis.



It is just a matter of convenience. You do not have to factor if you do not like it. Then of course you have two $ xdx$ to deal with.






share|cite|improve this answer





















  • Yes, that is what they meant. The parenthesis around cos(u) +1/u was left out.
    – Mohammad Riazi-Kermani
    Jul 21 at 10:15












up vote
1
down vote



accepted







up vote
1
down vote



accepted






They are factoring the $x$ out of both terms so there will only be one $x$ in front of parenthesis.



It is just a matter of convenience. You do not have to factor if you do not like it. Then of course you have two $ xdx$ to deal with.






share|cite|improve this answer













They are factoring the $x$ out of both terms so there will only be one $x$ in front of parenthesis.



It is just a matter of convenience. You do not have to factor if you do not like it. Then of course you have two $ xdx$ to deal with.







share|cite|improve this answer













share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer











answered Jul 21 at 10:06









Mohammad Riazi-Kermani

27.5k41852




27.5k41852











  • Yes, that is what they meant. The parenthesis around cos(u) +1/u was left out.
    – Mohammad Riazi-Kermani
    Jul 21 at 10:15
















  • Yes, that is what they meant. The parenthesis around cos(u) +1/u was left out.
    – Mohammad Riazi-Kermani
    Jul 21 at 10:15















Yes, that is what they meant. The parenthesis around cos(u) +1/u was left out.
– Mohammad Riazi-Kermani
Jul 21 at 10:15




Yes, that is what they meant. The parenthesis around cos(u) +1/u was left out.
– Mohammad Riazi-Kermani
Jul 21 at 10:15












 

draft saved


draft discarded


























 


draft saved


draft discarded














StackExchange.ready(
function ()
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f2858372%2fu-substitution-step-to-solve-integral%23new-answer', 'question_page');

);

Post as a guest
































































Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

What is the equation of a 3D cone with generalised tilt?

Image
Clash Royale CLAN TAG #URR8PPP up vote 2 down vote favorite What is the equation of a 3D cone with generalized tilt? I've noticed that in most equations given to represent a cone, there is no parameter which defines the tilt of the cone in 3D space and that most of them have their point at the origin $(0,0,0)$ - I was wondering if anyone could give me a more generalized cone equation for a cone in any position in 3D space 3d share | cite | improve this question edited Jul 25 '16 at 0:05 ervx 9,425 3 13 36 asked Jul 24 '16 at 15:38 Charlene 11 2 2 Welcome to Math.SE! Could you please explain a few things to help people give an answer useful to you: 1. What do you mean by "generalized tilt"? 2. Are you asking about a right circular cone? Does the angle at the vertex matter? 3. What form of answer (implicit, parametric...?) are you looking for? 4. If this is homework, what tools do you have available, an...
Read more

Color the edges and diagonals of a regular polygon

Image
Clash Royale CLAN TAG #URR8PPP up vote 5 down vote favorite 1 Here is the problem: For what $n$ is it possible to color the edges and diagonals of an $n$-side regular polygon with $dfracbinomn23$ colors, such that you use every color exactly three times and for every color the three segments (edges or diagonals) with that color form a triangle? Trivially $nequiv 0 text or 1 pmod3$. I can also prove that if the statement is true for $k$ than it is true for $3k$ as well. How to finish? Please help! Thanks combinatorial-geometry share | cite | improve this question edited Aug 6 at 21:57 alcana 118 4 asked Aug 6 at 21:15 Leo Gardner 356 11 Even assuming "polyhpn" in the title is a typo for polygon , it is unclear what you mean by "the edges and sides". Aren't the side of a regular polygon the same as the edges? A regular $n$-sided polygon has $n$ edges. – hardmath Aug 6 at 21:20 3 $n$ ne...
Read more

Relationship between determinant of matrix and determinant of adjoint?

Image
Clash Royale CLAN TAG #URR8PPP up vote 2 down vote favorite We are studying adjoints in class, and I was curious if there is a relationship between the determinant of matrix A, and the determinant of the adjoint of matrix A? I assume there would be a relationship because finding the adjoint requires creating a cofactor matrix and then transposing it. linear-algebra determinant adjoint-operators share | cite | improve this question asked Nov 17 '17 at 17:32 CluelessCoder 32 5 For a square matrix $A$ of order $n$, we have $A(operatornameadj A)=(operatornameadj A)A=|A|I_n$ where $I_n$ is the identity matrix of order $n$. This should tell you about the determinant of the adjoint in terms of that of $A$ (use multiplicative property and other elementary properties of determinants). – Prasun Biswas Nov 17 '17 at 17:35 1 @CluelessCoder: see here: math.stackexchange.com/questions/516127/…...
Read more