If an orientation of a tree graph has no source vertices, must the in-degree of each vertex in said orientation be equal to one?

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Given any polytree $T$ (any orientation of a tree graph) such that $forall vin V(T)(textindeg(v)neq 0)$ does this imply that $forall vin V(T)(textindeg(v)=1)$? I'm pretty sure its true, but I'm having a rather hard time constructing a proof. Also it's clear that any such digraph $T$ is non-finite, since any directed acyclic graph with no source vertices must necessarily contain an in-ray and thus can't be finite.







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    up vote
    1
    down vote

    favorite












    Given any polytree $T$ (any orientation of a tree graph) such that $forall vin V(T)(textindeg(v)neq 0)$ does this imply that $forall vin V(T)(textindeg(v)=1)$? I'm pretty sure its true, but I'm having a rather hard time constructing a proof. Also it's clear that any such digraph $T$ is non-finite, since any directed acyclic graph with no source vertices must necessarily contain an in-ray and thus can't be finite.







    share|cite|improve this question























      up vote
      1
      down vote

      favorite









      up vote
      1
      down vote

      favorite











      Given any polytree $T$ (any orientation of a tree graph) such that $forall vin V(T)(textindeg(v)neq 0)$ does this imply that $forall vin V(T)(textindeg(v)=1)$? I'm pretty sure its true, but I'm having a rather hard time constructing a proof. Also it's clear that any such digraph $T$ is non-finite, since any directed acyclic graph with no source vertices must necessarily contain an in-ray and thus can't be finite.







      share|cite|improve this question













      Given any polytree $T$ (any orientation of a tree graph) such that $forall vin V(T)(textindeg(v)neq 0)$ does this imply that $forall vin V(T)(textindeg(v)=1)$? I'm pretty sure its true, but I'm having a rather hard time constructing a proof. Also it's clear that any such digraph $T$ is non-finite, since any directed acyclic graph with no source vertices must necessarily contain an in-ray and thus can't be finite.









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      edited yesterday
























      asked yesterday









      Ethan

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          1 Answer
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          Counterexample:
          $$ cdots to bullet to bullet to bullet leftarrow bullet leftarrow bullet leftarrow cdots $$



          (A doubly-infinite path with all edges pointing towards a designated center).






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          • One can prove that a finite digraph is an arborescence if and only if its a polytree with one source vertex. Where an abhorrence is a connected acyclic digraph all of whose vertices (other then possibly a source vertex) have an in-degree of one. With that said I was hoping to try and fiind some criteria for abhorrences with no source vertex involving polytrees. Do you think its possible to add more preliminary restrictions to my polytree to ensure that every vertex has in-deree of one? Where again its clear none of these polytrees are going to be finite.
            – Ethan
            yesterday










          • @Ethan: You can take an arbitrary infinite rooted tree without leaves and point all edges towards the root. Then you can have as large indegrees as you want to.
            – Henning Makholm
            yesterday










          • Ahh damnet. I think the finite result hinges on the fact that a directed acyclic graph is rooted iff it has one source vertex. Thanks anyway though.
            – Ethan
            yesterday











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          1 Answer
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          active

          oldest

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          1 Answer
          1






          active

          oldest

          votes









          active

          oldest

          votes






          active

          oldest

          votes








          up vote
          1
          down vote



          accepted










          Counterexample:
          $$ cdots to bullet to bullet to bullet leftarrow bullet leftarrow bullet leftarrow cdots $$



          (A doubly-infinite path with all edges pointing towards a designated center).






          share|cite|improve this answer





















          • One can prove that a finite digraph is an arborescence if and only if its a polytree with one source vertex. Where an abhorrence is a connected acyclic digraph all of whose vertices (other then possibly a source vertex) have an in-degree of one. With that said I was hoping to try and fiind some criteria for abhorrences with no source vertex involving polytrees. Do you think its possible to add more preliminary restrictions to my polytree to ensure that every vertex has in-deree of one? Where again its clear none of these polytrees are going to be finite.
            – Ethan
            yesterday










          • @Ethan: You can take an arbitrary infinite rooted tree without leaves and point all edges towards the root. Then you can have as large indegrees as you want to.
            – Henning Makholm
            yesterday










          • Ahh damnet. I think the finite result hinges on the fact that a directed acyclic graph is rooted iff it has one source vertex. Thanks anyway though.
            – Ethan
            yesterday















          up vote
          1
          down vote



          accepted










          Counterexample:
          $$ cdots to bullet to bullet to bullet leftarrow bullet leftarrow bullet leftarrow cdots $$



          (A doubly-infinite path with all edges pointing towards a designated center).






          share|cite|improve this answer





















          • One can prove that a finite digraph is an arborescence if and only if its a polytree with one source vertex. Where an abhorrence is a connected acyclic digraph all of whose vertices (other then possibly a source vertex) have an in-degree of one. With that said I was hoping to try and fiind some criteria for abhorrences with no source vertex involving polytrees. Do you think its possible to add more preliminary restrictions to my polytree to ensure that every vertex has in-deree of one? Where again its clear none of these polytrees are going to be finite.
            – Ethan
            yesterday










          • @Ethan: You can take an arbitrary infinite rooted tree without leaves and point all edges towards the root. Then you can have as large indegrees as you want to.
            – Henning Makholm
            yesterday










          • Ahh damnet. I think the finite result hinges on the fact that a directed acyclic graph is rooted iff it has one source vertex. Thanks anyway though.
            – Ethan
            yesterday













          up vote
          1
          down vote



          accepted







          up vote
          1
          down vote



          accepted






          Counterexample:
          $$ cdots to bullet to bullet to bullet leftarrow bullet leftarrow bullet leftarrow cdots $$



          (A doubly-infinite path with all edges pointing towards a designated center).






          share|cite|improve this answer













          Counterexample:
          $$ cdots to bullet to bullet to bullet leftarrow bullet leftarrow bullet leftarrow cdots $$



          (A doubly-infinite path with all edges pointing towards a designated center).







          share|cite|improve this answer













          share|cite|improve this answer



          share|cite|improve this answer











          answered yesterday









          Henning Makholm

          225k16289516




          225k16289516











          • One can prove that a finite digraph is an arborescence if and only if its a polytree with one source vertex. Where an abhorrence is a connected acyclic digraph all of whose vertices (other then possibly a source vertex) have an in-degree of one. With that said I was hoping to try and fiind some criteria for abhorrences with no source vertex involving polytrees. Do you think its possible to add more preliminary restrictions to my polytree to ensure that every vertex has in-deree of one? Where again its clear none of these polytrees are going to be finite.
            – Ethan
            yesterday










          • @Ethan: You can take an arbitrary infinite rooted tree without leaves and point all edges towards the root. Then you can have as large indegrees as you want to.
            – Henning Makholm
            yesterday










          • Ahh damnet. I think the finite result hinges on the fact that a directed acyclic graph is rooted iff it has one source vertex. Thanks anyway though.
            – Ethan
            yesterday

















          • One can prove that a finite digraph is an arborescence if and only if its a polytree with one source vertex. Where an abhorrence is a connected acyclic digraph all of whose vertices (other then possibly a source vertex) have an in-degree of one. With that said I was hoping to try and fiind some criteria for abhorrences with no source vertex involving polytrees. Do you think its possible to add more preliminary restrictions to my polytree to ensure that every vertex has in-deree of one? Where again its clear none of these polytrees are going to be finite.
            – Ethan
            yesterday










          • @Ethan: You can take an arbitrary infinite rooted tree without leaves and point all edges towards the root. Then you can have as large indegrees as you want to.
            – Henning Makholm
            yesterday










          • Ahh damnet. I think the finite result hinges on the fact that a directed acyclic graph is rooted iff it has one source vertex. Thanks anyway though.
            – Ethan
            yesterday
















          One can prove that a finite digraph is an arborescence if and only if its a polytree with one source vertex. Where an abhorrence is a connected acyclic digraph all of whose vertices (other then possibly a source vertex) have an in-degree of one. With that said I was hoping to try and fiind some criteria for abhorrences with no source vertex involving polytrees. Do you think its possible to add more preliminary restrictions to my polytree to ensure that every vertex has in-deree of one? Where again its clear none of these polytrees are going to be finite.
          – Ethan
          yesterday




          One can prove that a finite digraph is an arborescence if and only if its a polytree with one source vertex. Where an abhorrence is a connected acyclic digraph all of whose vertices (other then possibly a source vertex) have an in-degree of one. With that said I was hoping to try and fiind some criteria for abhorrences with no source vertex involving polytrees. Do you think its possible to add more preliminary restrictions to my polytree to ensure that every vertex has in-deree of one? Where again its clear none of these polytrees are going to be finite.
          – Ethan
          yesterday












          @Ethan: You can take an arbitrary infinite rooted tree without leaves and point all edges towards the root. Then you can have as large indegrees as you want to.
          – Henning Makholm
          yesterday




          @Ethan: You can take an arbitrary infinite rooted tree without leaves and point all edges towards the root. Then you can have as large indegrees as you want to.
          – Henning Makholm
          yesterday












          Ahh damnet. I think the finite result hinges on the fact that a directed acyclic graph is rooted iff it has one source vertex. Thanks anyway though.
          – Ethan
          yesterday





          Ahh damnet. I think the finite result hinges on the fact that a directed acyclic graph is rooted iff it has one source vertex. Thanks anyway though.
          – Ethan
          yesterday













           

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