How can I schedule an $8$-team tournament with $7$ rounds of four $1v1$ games such that each team plays all the other seven exactly once?

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In my understanding this is $K_8$, and the question is how to obtain a colouring $c:E(K_8) mapsto 1,dots,7$ such that $c^-1(j)$ is a matching for every $j =1, dots ,7$.



Because this way each colour would represent the number of the round $($there must be $7$ rounds and each team must play once in each round, but every team needs to play every other team exactly once in the tournament$)$



The condition that $K_8$ is the complete $8$-vertices graph takes care of the "every team plays every other team exactly once" part, and the matching condition on the colouring ensures every team plays exactly one game at each round.



But even if I wrote this problem in graph theory notation I fail to actually obtain the colouring... How can I obtain that?







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    Amazingly here: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/…
    – Bob Krueger
    Jul 15 at 0:20










  • Wow that was quick. Thanks!
    – karlabos
    Jul 15 at 0:22











  • As math.stackexchange usually is. :) I'll write a slightly more comprehensive answer shortly.
    – Bob Krueger
    Jul 15 at 0:24














up vote
1
down vote

favorite












In my understanding this is $K_8$, and the question is how to obtain a colouring $c:E(K_8) mapsto 1,dots,7$ such that $c^-1(j)$ is a matching for every $j =1, dots ,7$.



Because this way each colour would represent the number of the round $($there must be $7$ rounds and each team must play once in each round, but every team needs to play every other team exactly once in the tournament$)$



The condition that $K_8$ is the complete $8$-vertices graph takes care of the "every team plays every other team exactly once" part, and the matching condition on the colouring ensures every team plays exactly one game at each round.



But even if I wrote this problem in graph theory notation I fail to actually obtain the colouring... How can I obtain that?







share|cite|improve this question

















  • 2




    Amazingly here: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/…
    – Bob Krueger
    Jul 15 at 0:20










  • Wow that was quick. Thanks!
    – karlabos
    Jul 15 at 0:22











  • As math.stackexchange usually is. :) I'll write a slightly more comprehensive answer shortly.
    – Bob Krueger
    Jul 15 at 0:24












up vote
1
down vote

favorite









up vote
1
down vote

favorite











In my understanding this is $K_8$, and the question is how to obtain a colouring $c:E(K_8) mapsto 1,dots,7$ such that $c^-1(j)$ is a matching for every $j =1, dots ,7$.



Because this way each colour would represent the number of the round $($there must be $7$ rounds and each team must play once in each round, but every team needs to play every other team exactly once in the tournament$)$



The condition that $K_8$ is the complete $8$-vertices graph takes care of the "every team plays every other team exactly once" part, and the matching condition on the colouring ensures every team plays exactly one game at each round.



But even if I wrote this problem in graph theory notation I fail to actually obtain the colouring... How can I obtain that?







share|cite|improve this question













In my understanding this is $K_8$, and the question is how to obtain a colouring $c:E(K_8) mapsto 1,dots,7$ such that $c^-1(j)$ is a matching for every $j =1, dots ,7$.



Because this way each colour would represent the number of the round $($there must be $7$ rounds and each team must play once in each round, but every team needs to play every other team exactly once in the tournament$)$



The condition that $K_8$ is the complete $8$-vertices graph takes care of the "every team plays every other team exactly once" part, and the matching condition on the colouring ensures every team plays exactly one game at each round.



But even if I wrote this problem in graph theory notation I fail to actually obtain the colouring... How can I obtain that?









share|cite|improve this question












share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question








edited Jul 16 at 2:34









Key Flex

4,451525




4,451525









asked Jul 15 at 0:14









karlabos

381312




381312







  • 2




    Amazingly here: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/…
    – Bob Krueger
    Jul 15 at 0:20










  • Wow that was quick. Thanks!
    – karlabos
    Jul 15 at 0:22











  • As math.stackexchange usually is. :) I'll write a slightly more comprehensive answer shortly.
    – Bob Krueger
    Jul 15 at 0:24












  • 2




    Amazingly here: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/…
    – Bob Krueger
    Jul 15 at 0:20










  • Wow that was quick. Thanks!
    – karlabos
    Jul 15 at 0:22











  • As math.stackexchange usually is. :) I'll write a slightly more comprehensive answer shortly.
    – Bob Krueger
    Jul 15 at 0:24







2




2




Amazingly here: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/…
– Bob Krueger
Jul 15 at 0:20




Amazingly here: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/…
– Bob Krueger
Jul 15 at 0:20












Wow that was quick. Thanks!
– karlabos
Jul 15 at 0:22





Wow that was quick. Thanks!
– karlabos
Jul 15 at 0:22













As math.stackexchange usually is. :) I'll write a slightly more comprehensive answer shortly.
– Bob Krueger
Jul 15 at 0:24




As math.stackexchange usually is. :) I'll write a slightly more comprehensive answer shortly.
– Bob Krueger
Jul 15 at 0:24










3 Answers
3






active

oldest

votes

















up vote
6
down vote



accepted










Given in a tournament there are $8$ teams and let us consider them from $1$ to $8$



Take a regular $n-1$ sided polygon $($Here we choose heptagon for $8$ teams$)$
enter image description here



Draw horizontal stripes as shown below. Then, join the vertex that has been left out to the centre. Each segment represents teams playing each other in the first round.



So, in the first round the teams $(7, 6), (1, 5), (2, 4) mboxand (3, 8) $ play.
enter image description here



Continue rotating the polygon until it returns to its original position.
enter image description here
beginarrayc
mbox Round&mbox A&mboxB&mboxC&mboxD\hline
I&(7,6)&(1,5)&(2,4)&(3,8)\
II&(6,5)&(7,4)&(1,3)&(2,8)\
III&(5,4)&(6,3)&(7,2)&(1,8)\
IV&(4,3)&(5,2)&(6,1)&(7,8)\
V&(3,2)&(4,1)&(5,7)&(6,8)\
VI&(2,1)&(3,7)&(4,6)&(5,8)\
VII&(1,7)&(2,6)&(3,5)&(4,8)\

\
endarray






share|cite|improve this answer






























    up vote
    3
    down vote













    Represent each team by an ordered triple where each term can be zero or one. So our teams are:



    Team A = $0,0,0$



    Team B = $0,0,1$



    Team C = $0,1,0$



    ...



    Team H = $1,1,1$



    Now, in round n, convert the round number, n, to binary, and xor $(veebar)$ the round number in binary with the team's ordered triple.



    So, for example, in round $3$, and $3 = 0,1,1$, so Team B = $0,0,1$ plays Team $0veebar0, 0veebar1, 1veebar1$ = $0,1,0$ which is Team C. Thus in round $3$ Team B plays Team C. Note that this relationship is symmetric, so when Team B plays Team C, Team C also plays Team B, as one would hope.



    This will actually go fairly quickly if you do it out on paper.






    share|cite|improve this answer




























      up vote
      2
      down vote













      @JoshB. gives an interesting scheme that seems to only work for powers of 2 (I could be wrong) and @KeyFlex gives the general scheme that I've seen before. But there's an even more general theory going on here.



      There's a couple of key-words you are missing that would make looking up this problem easy. A $k$-factor is a $k$-regular graph, meaning every vertex has degree $k$. So a $1$-factor is a matching. A decomposition of the edges of a graph into matchings is then called a 1-factorization, that is, a partition of the edges where each part is a perfect matching. Then your original question is to find a 1-factorization of $K_8$, whereas KeyFlex's scheme will yield a 1-factorization for any $K_n$ where $n$ is even.



      More generally we can ask which graphs have a 1-factorization. One can immediately see that the graphs have to be regular, but this condition is not sufficient. See Wikipedia for more information.



      P.S. you may also call the kind of tournament you are scheduling a "Round-Robin." This would have also given you the right search results.






      share|cite|improve this answer

















      • 2




        My answer does only work for powers of two, though there are other specific methods for other specific cases. Ultimately I like KeyFlex's answer best, as it's very general. I merely wrote up how I would do this particular problem in a hurry.
        – Josh B.
        Jul 15 at 2:38










      Your Answer




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      3 Answers
      3






      active

      oldest

      votes








      3 Answers
      3






      active

      oldest

      votes









      active

      oldest

      votes






      active

      oldest

      votes








      up vote
      6
      down vote



      accepted










      Given in a tournament there are $8$ teams and let us consider them from $1$ to $8$



      Take a regular $n-1$ sided polygon $($Here we choose heptagon for $8$ teams$)$
      enter image description here



      Draw horizontal stripes as shown below. Then, join the vertex that has been left out to the centre. Each segment represents teams playing each other in the first round.



      So, in the first round the teams $(7, 6), (1, 5), (2, 4) mboxand (3, 8) $ play.
      enter image description here



      Continue rotating the polygon until it returns to its original position.
      enter image description here
      beginarrayc
      mbox Round&mbox A&mboxB&mboxC&mboxD\hline
      I&(7,6)&(1,5)&(2,4)&(3,8)\
      II&(6,5)&(7,4)&(1,3)&(2,8)\
      III&(5,4)&(6,3)&(7,2)&(1,8)\
      IV&(4,3)&(5,2)&(6,1)&(7,8)\
      V&(3,2)&(4,1)&(5,7)&(6,8)\
      VI&(2,1)&(3,7)&(4,6)&(5,8)\
      VII&(1,7)&(2,6)&(3,5)&(4,8)\

      \
      endarray






      share|cite|improve this answer



























        up vote
        6
        down vote



        accepted










        Given in a tournament there are $8$ teams and let us consider them from $1$ to $8$



        Take a regular $n-1$ sided polygon $($Here we choose heptagon for $8$ teams$)$
        enter image description here



        Draw horizontal stripes as shown below. Then, join the vertex that has been left out to the centre. Each segment represents teams playing each other in the first round.



        So, in the first round the teams $(7, 6), (1, 5), (2, 4) mboxand (3, 8) $ play.
        enter image description here



        Continue rotating the polygon until it returns to its original position.
        enter image description here
        beginarrayc
        mbox Round&mbox A&mboxB&mboxC&mboxD\hline
        I&(7,6)&(1,5)&(2,4)&(3,8)\
        II&(6,5)&(7,4)&(1,3)&(2,8)\
        III&(5,4)&(6,3)&(7,2)&(1,8)\
        IV&(4,3)&(5,2)&(6,1)&(7,8)\
        V&(3,2)&(4,1)&(5,7)&(6,8)\
        VI&(2,1)&(3,7)&(4,6)&(5,8)\
        VII&(1,7)&(2,6)&(3,5)&(4,8)\

        \
        endarray






        share|cite|improve this answer

























          up vote
          6
          down vote



          accepted







          up vote
          6
          down vote



          accepted






          Given in a tournament there are $8$ teams and let us consider them from $1$ to $8$



          Take a regular $n-1$ sided polygon $($Here we choose heptagon for $8$ teams$)$
          enter image description here



          Draw horizontal stripes as shown below. Then, join the vertex that has been left out to the centre. Each segment represents teams playing each other in the first round.



          So, in the first round the teams $(7, 6), (1, 5), (2, 4) mboxand (3, 8) $ play.
          enter image description here



          Continue rotating the polygon until it returns to its original position.
          enter image description here
          beginarrayc
          mbox Round&mbox A&mboxB&mboxC&mboxD\hline
          I&(7,6)&(1,5)&(2,4)&(3,8)\
          II&(6,5)&(7,4)&(1,3)&(2,8)\
          III&(5,4)&(6,3)&(7,2)&(1,8)\
          IV&(4,3)&(5,2)&(6,1)&(7,8)\
          V&(3,2)&(4,1)&(5,7)&(6,8)\
          VI&(2,1)&(3,7)&(4,6)&(5,8)\
          VII&(1,7)&(2,6)&(3,5)&(4,8)\

          \
          endarray






          share|cite|improve this answer















          Given in a tournament there are $8$ teams and let us consider them from $1$ to $8$



          Take a regular $n-1$ sided polygon $($Here we choose heptagon for $8$ teams$)$
          enter image description here



          Draw horizontal stripes as shown below. Then, join the vertex that has been left out to the centre. Each segment represents teams playing each other in the first round.



          So, in the first round the teams $(7, 6), (1, 5), (2, 4) mboxand (3, 8) $ play.
          enter image description here



          Continue rotating the polygon until it returns to its original position.
          enter image description here
          beginarrayc
          mbox Round&mbox A&mboxB&mboxC&mboxD\hline
          I&(7,6)&(1,5)&(2,4)&(3,8)\
          II&(6,5)&(7,4)&(1,3)&(2,8)\
          III&(5,4)&(6,3)&(7,2)&(1,8)\
          IV&(4,3)&(5,2)&(6,1)&(7,8)\
          V&(3,2)&(4,1)&(5,7)&(6,8)\
          VI&(2,1)&(3,7)&(4,6)&(5,8)\
          VII&(1,7)&(2,6)&(3,5)&(4,8)\

          \
          endarray







          share|cite|improve this answer















          share|cite|improve this answer



          share|cite|improve this answer








          edited Jul 15 at 0:45


























          answered Jul 15 at 0:35









          Key Flex

          4,451525




          4,451525




















              up vote
              3
              down vote













              Represent each team by an ordered triple where each term can be zero or one. So our teams are:



              Team A = $0,0,0$



              Team B = $0,0,1$



              Team C = $0,1,0$



              ...



              Team H = $1,1,1$



              Now, in round n, convert the round number, n, to binary, and xor $(veebar)$ the round number in binary with the team's ordered triple.



              So, for example, in round $3$, and $3 = 0,1,1$, so Team B = $0,0,1$ plays Team $0veebar0, 0veebar1, 1veebar1$ = $0,1,0$ which is Team C. Thus in round $3$ Team B plays Team C. Note that this relationship is symmetric, so when Team B plays Team C, Team C also plays Team B, as one would hope.



              This will actually go fairly quickly if you do it out on paper.






              share|cite|improve this answer

























                up vote
                3
                down vote













                Represent each team by an ordered triple where each term can be zero or one. So our teams are:



                Team A = $0,0,0$



                Team B = $0,0,1$



                Team C = $0,1,0$



                ...



                Team H = $1,1,1$



                Now, in round n, convert the round number, n, to binary, and xor $(veebar)$ the round number in binary with the team's ordered triple.



                So, for example, in round $3$, and $3 = 0,1,1$, so Team B = $0,0,1$ plays Team $0veebar0, 0veebar1, 1veebar1$ = $0,1,0$ which is Team C. Thus in round $3$ Team B plays Team C. Note that this relationship is symmetric, so when Team B plays Team C, Team C also plays Team B, as one would hope.



                This will actually go fairly quickly if you do it out on paper.






                share|cite|improve this answer























                  up vote
                  3
                  down vote










                  up vote
                  3
                  down vote









                  Represent each team by an ordered triple where each term can be zero or one. So our teams are:



                  Team A = $0,0,0$



                  Team B = $0,0,1$



                  Team C = $0,1,0$



                  ...



                  Team H = $1,1,1$



                  Now, in round n, convert the round number, n, to binary, and xor $(veebar)$ the round number in binary with the team's ordered triple.



                  So, for example, in round $3$, and $3 = 0,1,1$, so Team B = $0,0,1$ plays Team $0veebar0, 0veebar1, 1veebar1$ = $0,1,0$ which is Team C. Thus in round $3$ Team B plays Team C. Note that this relationship is symmetric, so when Team B plays Team C, Team C also plays Team B, as one would hope.



                  This will actually go fairly quickly if you do it out on paper.






                  share|cite|improve this answer













                  Represent each team by an ordered triple where each term can be zero or one. So our teams are:



                  Team A = $0,0,0$



                  Team B = $0,0,1$



                  Team C = $0,1,0$



                  ...



                  Team H = $1,1,1$



                  Now, in round n, convert the round number, n, to binary, and xor $(veebar)$ the round number in binary with the team's ordered triple.



                  So, for example, in round $3$, and $3 = 0,1,1$, so Team B = $0,0,1$ plays Team $0veebar0, 0veebar1, 1veebar1$ = $0,1,0$ which is Team C. Thus in round $3$ Team B plays Team C. Note that this relationship is symmetric, so when Team B plays Team C, Team C also plays Team B, as one would hope.



                  This will actually go fairly quickly if you do it out on paper.







                  share|cite|improve this answer













                  share|cite|improve this answer



                  share|cite|improve this answer











                  answered Jul 15 at 0:35









                  Josh B.

                  2,31511323




                  2,31511323




















                      up vote
                      2
                      down vote













                      @JoshB. gives an interesting scheme that seems to only work for powers of 2 (I could be wrong) and @KeyFlex gives the general scheme that I've seen before. But there's an even more general theory going on here.



                      There's a couple of key-words you are missing that would make looking up this problem easy. A $k$-factor is a $k$-regular graph, meaning every vertex has degree $k$. So a $1$-factor is a matching. A decomposition of the edges of a graph into matchings is then called a 1-factorization, that is, a partition of the edges where each part is a perfect matching. Then your original question is to find a 1-factorization of $K_8$, whereas KeyFlex's scheme will yield a 1-factorization for any $K_n$ where $n$ is even.



                      More generally we can ask which graphs have a 1-factorization. One can immediately see that the graphs have to be regular, but this condition is not sufficient. See Wikipedia for more information.



                      P.S. you may also call the kind of tournament you are scheduling a "Round-Robin." This would have also given you the right search results.






                      share|cite|improve this answer

















                      • 2




                        My answer does only work for powers of two, though there are other specific methods for other specific cases. Ultimately I like KeyFlex's answer best, as it's very general. I merely wrote up how I would do this particular problem in a hurry.
                        – Josh B.
                        Jul 15 at 2:38














                      up vote
                      2
                      down vote













                      @JoshB. gives an interesting scheme that seems to only work for powers of 2 (I could be wrong) and @KeyFlex gives the general scheme that I've seen before. But there's an even more general theory going on here.



                      There's a couple of key-words you are missing that would make looking up this problem easy. A $k$-factor is a $k$-regular graph, meaning every vertex has degree $k$. So a $1$-factor is a matching. A decomposition of the edges of a graph into matchings is then called a 1-factorization, that is, a partition of the edges where each part is a perfect matching. Then your original question is to find a 1-factorization of $K_8$, whereas KeyFlex's scheme will yield a 1-factorization for any $K_n$ where $n$ is even.



                      More generally we can ask which graphs have a 1-factorization. One can immediately see that the graphs have to be regular, but this condition is not sufficient. See Wikipedia for more information.



                      P.S. you may also call the kind of tournament you are scheduling a "Round-Robin." This would have also given you the right search results.






                      share|cite|improve this answer

















                      • 2




                        My answer does only work for powers of two, though there are other specific methods for other specific cases. Ultimately I like KeyFlex's answer best, as it's very general. I merely wrote up how I would do this particular problem in a hurry.
                        – Josh B.
                        Jul 15 at 2:38












                      up vote
                      2
                      down vote










                      up vote
                      2
                      down vote









                      @JoshB. gives an interesting scheme that seems to only work for powers of 2 (I could be wrong) and @KeyFlex gives the general scheme that I've seen before. But there's an even more general theory going on here.



                      There's a couple of key-words you are missing that would make looking up this problem easy. A $k$-factor is a $k$-regular graph, meaning every vertex has degree $k$. So a $1$-factor is a matching. A decomposition of the edges of a graph into matchings is then called a 1-factorization, that is, a partition of the edges where each part is a perfect matching. Then your original question is to find a 1-factorization of $K_8$, whereas KeyFlex's scheme will yield a 1-factorization for any $K_n$ where $n$ is even.



                      More generally we can ask which graphs have a 1-factorization. One can immediately see that the graphs have to be regular, but this condition is not sufficient. See Wikipedia for more information.



                      P.S. you may also call the kind of tournament you are scheduling a "Round-Robin." This would have also given you the right search results.






                      share|cite|improve this answer













                      @JoshB. gives an interesting scheme that seems to only work for powers of 2 (I could be wrong) and @KeyFlex gives the general scheme that I've seen before. But there's an even more general theory going on here.



                      There's a couple of key-words you are missing that would make looking up this problem easy. A $k$-factor is a $k$-regular graph, meaning every vertex has degree $k$. So a $1$-factor is a matching. A decomposition of the edges of a graph into matchings is then called a 1-factorization, that is, a partition of the edges where each part is a perfect matching. Then your original question is to find a 1-factorization of $K_8$, whereas KeyFlex's scheme will yield a 1-factorization for any $K_n$ where $n$ is even.



                      More generally we can ask which graphs have a 1-factorization. One can immediately see that the graphs have to be regular, but this condition is not sufficient. See Wikipedia for more information.



                      P.S. you may also call the kind of tournament you are scheduling a "Round-Robin." This would have also given you the right search results.







                      share|cite|improve this answer













                      share|cite|improve this answer



                      share|cite|improve this answer











                      answered Jul 15 at 0:49









                      Bob Krueger

                      4,0242722




                      4,0242722







                      • 2




                        My answer does only work for powers of two, though there are other specific methods for other specific cases. Ultimately I like KeyFlex's answer best, as it's very general. I merely wrote up how I would do this particular problem in a hurry.
                        – Josh B.
                        Jul 15 at 2:38












                      • 2




                        My answer does only work for powers of two, though there are other specific methods for other specific cases. Ultimately I like KeyFlex's answer best, as it's very general. I merely wrote up how I would do this particular problem in a hurry.
                        – Josh B.
                        Jul 15 at 2:38







                      2




                      2




                      My answer does only work for powers of two, though there are other specific methods for other specific cases. Ultimately I like KeyFlex's answer best, as it's very general. I merely wrote up how I would do this particular problem in a hurry.
                      – Josh B.
                      Jul 15 at 2:38




                      My answer does only work for powers of two, though there are other specific methods for other specific cases. Ultimately I like KeyFlex's answer best, as it's very general. I merely wrote up how I would do this particular problem in a hurry.
                      – Josh B.
                      Jul 15 at 2:38












                       

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