Making sense of defining tensor products $bigotimes V$

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This question is making sense of a definition. Suppose $R$ is a commutative ring.




How does one make a meaningful definition of $bigotimes_1^k V_i$ where $V_i$ are $R$-modules? I know of the $k-$ary product definition. But I do not like it since it does not build up from the original operation $otimes$, which can be regarded as a bifunctor.




We could show there is a well defined isomoprhism, $(A otimes B) otimes C cong A otimes (B otimes C)$, $tau_A,B,C: (a otimes b) otimes c mapsto a otimes (b otimes c)$.



In spirit of this proof. Let us define the left-associated form of $k$ tensor products, $(cdots (V_j otimes V_j+1) cdots otimes V_k-1) otimes V_k := L_j^k(V)$ for $j <k$.




So I wish to define $bigotimes_1^k V_i$ as $L_1^k(V)$. How does one justify the "correctedness" of this definition?




My sketchy attempt:



Suppose we have a $n$-ary representation of $V_i$ with some parathensization, denoted $X$, by inductive hypothesis
$$X cong (L_1^m(V) ) otimes (L_m+1^n(V)) cong (L_1^m(V)) otimes ((L_m+1^n-1 (V) ) otimes V_n)$$
by inductive hypothesis and the $3$ case,
$$(L_1^m(V) otimes L_m+1^n-1(V)) otimes V_n cong (L_1^n-1(V)) otimes V_n cong L_1^n(V)$$




This reasoning seems unnatural, somehow the isomorphisms are obscured. That is, we could have chosen any isomoprhism $tau_A,B,C: (A otimes B) otimes C rightarrow A otimes (B otimes C)$.




Is there a categorical explanation of all of this?







share|cite|improve this question

















  • 2




    Are you fine when defining the $k$-fold cartesian product of sets as $(dots(X_1 times X_2) times X_3)dots X_k-1)times X_k$? Because the same problem appears: $(prod_1^k X_i) times (prod_k^n X_i)$ is not equal to $prod_1^n X_i$, it is only in bijection with it. And you might not even notice it most of the time, taking element $(x_1,dots,x_n)$ in it, without even thinking about the definition of such a tuple. If this is ok for you, then so should your problem too. (The formal justification is Hurkyl's answer.)
    – Pece
    Jul 28 at 17:44














up vote
3
down vote

favorite
2












This question is making sense of a definition. Suppose $R$ is a commutative ring.




How does one make a meaningful definition of $bigotimes_1^k V_i$ where $V_i$ are $R$-modules? I know of the $k-$ary product definition. But I do not like it since it does not build up from the original operation $otimes$, which can be regarded as a bifunctor.




We could show there is a well defined isomoprhism, $(A otimes B) otimes C cong A otimes (B otimes C)$, $tau_A,B,C: (a otimes b) otimes c mapsto a otimes (b otimes c)$.



In spirit of this proof. Let us define the left-associated form of $k$ tensor products, $(cdots (V_j otimes V_j+1) cdots otimes V_k-1) otimes V_k := L_j^k(V)$ for $j <k$.




So I wish to define $bigotimes_1^k V_i$ as $L_1^k(V)$. How does one justify the "correctedness" of this definition?




My sketchy attempt:



Suppose we have a $n$-ary representation of $V_i$ with some parathensization, denoted $X$, by inductive hypothesis
$$X cong (L_1^m(V) ) otimes (L_m+1^n(V)) cong (L_1^m(V)) otimes ((L_m+1^n-1 (V) ) otimes V_n)$$
by inductive hypothesis and the $3$ case,
$$(L_1^m(V) otimes L_m+1^n-1(V)) otimes V_n cong (L_1^n-1(V)) otimes V_n cong L_1^n(V)$$




This reasoning seems unnatural, somehow the isomorphisms are obscured. That is, we could have chosen any isomoprhism $tau_A,B,C: (A otimes B) otimes C rightarrow A otimes (B otimes C)$.




Is there a categorical explanation of all of this?







share|cite|improve this question

















  • 2




    Are you fine when defining the $k$-fold cartesian product of sets as $(dots(X_1 times X_2) times X_3)dots X_k-1)times X_k$? Because the same problem appears: $(prod_1^k X_i) times (prod_k^n X_i)$ is not equal to $prod_1^n X_i$, it is only in bijection with it. And you might not even notice it most of the time, taking element $(x_1,dots,x_n)$ in it, without even thinking about the definition of such a tuple. If this is ok for you, then so should your problem too. (The formal justification is Hurkyl's answer.)
    – Pece
    Jul 28 at 17:44












up vote
3
down vote

favorite
2









up vote
3
down vote

favorite
2






2





This question is making sense of a definition. Suppose $R$ is a commutative ring.




How does one make a meaningful definition of $bigotimes_1^k V_i$ where $V_i$ are $R$-modules? I know of the $k-$ary product definition. But I do not like it since it does not build up from the original operation $otimes$, which can be regarded as a bifunctor.




We could show there is a well defined isomoprhism, $(A otimes B) otimes C cong A otimes (B otimes C)$, $tau_A,B,C: (a otimes b) otimes c mapsto a otimes (b otimes c)$.



In spirit of this proof. Let us define the left-associated form of $k$ tensor products, $(cdots (V_j otimes V_j+1) cdots otimes V_k-1) otimes V_k := L_j^k(V)$ for $j <k$.




So I wish to define $bigotimes_1^k V_i$ as $L_1^k(V)$. How does one justify the "correctedness" of this definition?




My sketchy attempt:



Suppose we have a $n$-ary representation of $V_i$ with some parathensization, denoted $X$, by inductive hypothesis
$$X cong (L_1^m(V) ) otimes (L_m+1^n(V)) cong (L_1^m(V)) otimes ((L_m+1^n-1 (V) ) otimes V_n)$$
by inductive hypothesis and the $3$ case,
$$(L_1^m(V) otimes L_m+1^n-1(V)) otimes V_n cong (L_1^n-1(V)) otimes V_n cong L_1^n(V)$$




This reasoning seems unnatural, somehow the isomorphisms are obscured. That is, we could have chosen any isomoprhism $tau_A,B,C: (A otimes B) otimes C rightarrow A otimes (B otimes C)$.




Is there a categorical explanation of all of this?







share|cite|improve this question













This question is making sense of a definition. Suppose $R$ is a commutative ring.




How does one make a meaningful definition of $bigotimes_1^k V_i$ where $V_i$ are $R$-modules? I know of the $k-$ary product definition. But I do not like it since it does not build up from the original operation $otimes$, which can be regarded as a bifunctor.




We could show there is a well defined isomoprhism, $(A otimes B) otimes C cong A otimes (B otimes C)$, $tau_A,B,C: (a otimes b) otimes c mapsto a otimes (b otimes c)$.



In spirit of this proof. Let us define the left-associated form of $k$ tensor products, $(cdots (V_j otimes V_j+1) cdots otimes V_k-1) otimes V_k := L_j^k(V)$ for $j <k$.




So I wish to define $bigotimes_1^k V_i$ as $L_1^k(V)$. How does one justify the "correctedness" of this definition?




My sketchy attempt:



Suppose we have a $n$-ary representation of $V_i$ with some parathensization, denoted $X$, by inductive hypothesis
$$X cong (L_1^m(V) ) otimes (L_m+1^n(V)) cong (L_1^m(V)) otimes ((L_m+1^n-1 (V) ) otimes V_n)$$
by inductive hypothesis and the $3$ case,
$$(L_1^m(V) otimes L_m+1^n-1(V)) otimes V_n cong (L_1^n-1(V)) otimes V_n cong L_1^n(V)$$




This reasoning seems unnatural, somehow the isomorphisms are obscured. That is, we could have chosen any isomoprhism $tau_A,B,C: (A otimes B) otimes C rightarrow A otimes (B otimes C)$.




Is there a categorical explanation of all of this?









share|cite|improve this question












share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question








edited Jul 28 at 16:11









Batominovski

23k22777




23k22777









asked Jul 28 at 16:00









Cyryl L.

1,7362721




1,7362721







  • 2




    Are you fine when defining the $k$-fold cartesian product of sets as $(dots(X_1 times X_2) times X_3)dots X_k-1)times X_k$? Because the same problem appears: $(prod_1^k X_i) times (prod_k^n X_i)$ is not equal to $prod_1^n X_i$, it is only in bijection with it. And you might not even notice it most of the time, taking element $(x_1,dots,x_n)$ in it, without even thinking about the definition of such a tuple. If this is ok for you, then so should your problem too. (The formal justification is Hurkyl's answer.)
    – Pece
    Jul 28 at 17:44












  • 2




    Are you fine when defining the $k$-fold cartesian product of sets as $(dots(X_1 times X_2) times X_3)dots X_k-1)times X_k$? Because the same problem appears: $(prod_1^k X_i) times (prod_k^n X_i)$ is not equal to $prod_1^n X_i$, it is only in bijection with it. And you might not even notice it most of the time, taking element $(x_1,dots,x_n)$ in it, without even thinking about the definition of such a tuple. If this is ok for you, then so should your problem too. (The formal justification is Hurkyl's answer.)
    – Pece
    Jul 28 at 17:44







2




2




Are you fine when defining the $k$-fold cartesian product of sets as $(dots(X_1 times X_2) times X_3)dots X_k-1)times X_k$? Because the same problem appears: $(prod_1^k X_i) times (prod_k^n X_i)$ is not equal to $prod_1^n X_i$, it is only in bijection with it. And you might not even notice it most of the time, taking element $(x_1,dots,x_n)$ in it, without even thinking about the definition of such a tuple. If this is ok for you, then so should your problem too. (The formal justification is Hurkyl's answer.)
– Pece
Jul 28 at 17:44




Are you fine when defining the $k$-fold cartesian product of sets as $(dots(X_1 times X_2) times X_3)dots X_k-1)times X_k$? Because the same problem appears: $(prod_1^k X_i) times (prod_k^n X_i)$ is not equal to $prod_1^n X_i$, it is only in bijection with it. And you might not even notice it most of the time, taking element $(x_1,dots,x_n)$ in it, without even thinking about the definition of such a tuple. If this is ok for you, then so should your problem too. (The formal justification is Hurkyl's answer.)
– Pece
Jul 28 at 17:44










2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes

















up vote
4
down vote



accepted










There is the general notion of a monoidal category; it is a category equipped with:



  • a unit object $I$

  • a bifunctor $otimes$

  • a canonical natural isomorphism between any two ways to paranthesize an expression and/or insert/remove copies of $I$

with the property that any way of combining the canonical natural isomorphisms via composition or tensor product gives you another canonical natural isomorphism.



As an example, there are canonical natural isomorphisms



$$mu : I otimes ((A otimes B) otimes C) to A otimes ((B otimes I) otimes C)$$
$$nu : ((A otimes B) otimes C) to A otimes ((B otimes I) otimes C)$$
$$omega : I otimes (A otimes ((B otimes I) otimes C)) to A otimes ((B otimes I) otimes C)$$



We can construct another natural isomorphism parallel to $mu$ via $omega cdot (I otimes nu)$; these are guaranteed to be the same natural isomorphism.



This coherence property means its safe to pick whatever parenthesization you like; if you ever need to use two different parenthesizations there's a canonical way to do the reinterpretation.



In fact, we can even say something stronger: every monoidal category turns out to be monoidally equivalent to a strict one — one where the tensor product is actually an associative operation and where tensoring with $I$ is the identity functor. (and for all of the coherence morphisms, we've chosen the identity transformations to be the canonical isomorphisms)



There's a big theorem that says all of the coherence properties of a monoidal category can be expressed just by using the associator, the two unitors, and a handful of identities relating them; definitions of monoidal category you're likely to encounter will be in that form.






share|cite|improve this answer






























    up vote
    5
    down vote













    To me, the tensor product of modules $M_1,ldots, M_k$ over a commutative
    ring $R$ is a module that represents the functor of $R$-multilinear maps
    from $M_1timescdotstimes M_k$. This means that there is a natural
    correspondence between $R$-multilinear maps $M_1timescdots times
    M_kto N$ and $R$-module homomorphism: $bigotimes_1^k M_ito N$.



    Write $textrmMult(M_1,ldots,M_k;N)$ for the $R$-module of multilinear
    maps from $M_1timescdots times M_k$ to $N$. Then
    $$textrmMult(M_1,ldots,M_k;N)cong
    textrmHomleft(bigotimes_1^k-1M_i,textrmHom(M_k,N)right)
    congtextrmBilleft(bigotimes_1^k-1M_i,M_k;Nright)$$naturally
    in $N$.
    This means that
    $$bigotimes_1^k-1M_iotimes M_kcongbigotimes_1^k M_i$$
    as both represent the same functor. Iterating this gives
    your left-associated form. But you don't need to do this,
    you could work from the right, or in some more arbitrary manner
    instead. The point is, that all these representations of the
    $k$-fold tensor product represent the same representable functor
    and so they are all canonically isomorphic.






    share|cite|improve this answer





















    • Somewhat merging the two answers, look up Leinster's unbiased monoidal categories.
      – Berci
      Jul 29 at 22:50










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    2 Answers
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    active

    oldest

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    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes








    up vote
    4
    down vote



    accepted










    There is the general notion of a monoidal category; it is a category equipped with:



    • a unit object $I$

    • a bifunctor $otimes$

    • a canonical natural isomorphism between any two ways to paranthesize an expression and/or insert/remove copies of $I$

    with the property that any way of combining the canonical natural isomorphisms via composition or tensor product gives you another canonical natural isomorphism.



    As an example, there are canonical natural isomorphisms



    $$mu : I otimes ((A otimes B) otimes C) to A otimes ((B otimes I) otimes C)$$
    $$nu : ((A otimes B) otimes C) to A otimes ((B otimes I) otimes C)$$
    $$omega : I otimes (A otimes ((B otimes I) otimes C)) to A otimes ((B otimes I) otimes C)$$



    We can construct another natural isomorphism parallel to $mu$ via $omega cdot (I otimes nu)$; these are guaranteed to be the same natural isomorphism.



    This coherence property means its safe to pick whatever parenthesization you like; if you ever need to use two different parenthesizations there's a canonical way to do the reinterpretation.



    In fact, we can even say something stronger: every monoidal category turns out to be monoidally equivalent to a strict one — one where the tensor product is actually an associative operation and where tensoring with $I$ is the identity functor. (and for all of the coherence morphisms, we've chosen the identity transformations to be the canonical isomorphisms)



    There's a big theorem that says all of the coherence properties of a monoidal category can be expressed just by using the associator, the two unitors, and a handful of identities relating them; definitions of monoidal category you're likely to encounter will be in that form.






    share|cite|improve this answer



























      up vote
      4
      down vote



      accepted










      There is the general notion of a monoidal category; it is a category equipped with:



      • a unit object $I$

      • a bifunctor $otimes$

      • a canonical natural isomorphism between any two ways to paranthesize an expression and/or insert/remove copies of $I$

      with the property that any way of combining the canonical natural isomorphisms via composition or tensor product gives you another canonical natural isomorphism.



      As an example, there are canonical natural isomorphisms



      $$mu : I otimes ((A otimes B) otimes C) to A otimes ((B otimes I) otimes C)$$
      $$nu : ((A otimes B) otimes C) to A otimes ((B otimes I) otimes C)$$
      $$omega : I otimes (A otimes ((B otimes I) otimes C)) to A otimes ((B otimes I) otimes C)$$



      We can construct another natural isomorphism parallel to $mu$ via $omega cdot (I otimes nu)$; these are guaranteed to be the same natural isomorphism.



      This coherence property means its safe to pick whatever parenthesization you like; if you ever need to use two different parenthesizations there's a canonical way to do the reinterpretation.



      In fact, we can even say something stronger: every monoidal category turns out to be monoidally equivalent to a strict one — one where the tensor product is actually an associative operation and where tensoring with $I$ is the identity functor. (and for all of the coherence morphisms, we've chosen the identity transformations to be the canonical isomorphisms)



      There's a big theorem that says all of the coherence properties of a monoidal category can be expressed just by using the associator, the two unitors, and a handful of identities relating them; definitions of monoidal category you're likely to encounter will be in that form.






      share|cite|improve this answer

























        up vote
        4
        down vote



        accepted







        up vote
        4
        down vote



        accepted






        There is the general notion of a monoidal category; it is a category equipped with:



        • a unit object $I$

        • a bifunctor $otimes$

        • a canonical natural isomorphism between any two ways to paranthesize an expression and/or insert/remove copies of $I$

        with the property that any way of combining the canonical natural isomorphisms via composition or tensor product gives you another canonical natural isomorphism.



        As an example, there are canonical natural isomorphisms



        $$mu : I otimes ((A otimes B) otimes C) to A otimes ((B otimes I) otimes C)$$
        $$nu : ((A otimes B) otimes C) to A otimes ((B otimes I) otimes C)$$
        $$omega : I otimes (A otimes ((B otimes I) otimes C)) to A otimes ((B otimes I) otimes C)$$



        We can construct another natural isomorphism parallel to $mu$ via $omega cdot (I otimes nu)$; these are guaranteed to be the same natural isomorphism.



        This coherence property means its safe to pick whatever parenthesization you like; if you ever need to use two different parenthesizations there's a canonical way to do the reinterpretation.



        In fact, we can even say something stronger: every monoidal category turns out to be monoidally equivalent to a strict one — one where the tensor product is actually an associative operation and where tensoring with $I$ is the identity functor. (and for all of the coherence morphisms, we've chosen the identity transformations to be the canonical isomorphisms)



        There's a big theorem that says all of the coherence properties of a monoidal category can be expressed just by using the associator, the two unitors, and a handful of identities relating them; definitions of monoidal category you're likely to encounter will be in that form.






        share|cite|improve this answer















        There is the general notion of a monoidal category; it is a category equipped with:



        • a unit object $I$

        • a bifunctor $otimes$

        • a canonical natural isomorphism between any two ways to paranthesize an expression and/or insert/remove copies of $I$

        with the property that any way of combining the canonical natural isomorphisms via composition or tensor product gives you another canonical natural isomorphism.



        As an example, there are canonical natural isomorphisms



        $$mu : I otimes ((A otimes B) otimes C) to A otimes ((B otimes I) otimes C)$$
        $$nu : ((A otimes B) otimes C) to A otimes ((B otimes I) otimes C)$$
        $$omega : I otimes (A otimes ((B otimes I) otimes C)) to A otimes ((B otimes I) otimes C)$$



        We can construct another natural isomorphism parallel to $mu$ via $omega cdot (I otimes nu)$; these are guaranteed to be the same natural isomorphism.



        This coherence property means its safe to pick whatever parenthesization you like; if you ever need to use two different parenthesizations there's a canonical way to do the reinterpretation.



        In fact, we can even say something stronger: every monoidal category turns out to be monoidally equivalent to a strict one — one where the tensor product is actually an associative operation and where tensoring with $I$ is the identity functor. (and for all of the coherence morphisms, we've chosen the identity transformations to be the canonical isomorphisms)



        There's a big theorem that says all of the coherence properties of a monoidal category can be expressed just by using the associator, the two unitors, and a handful of identities relating them; definitions of monoidal category you're likely to encounter will be in that form.







        share|cite|improve this answer















        share|cite|improve this answer



        share|cite|improve this answer








        edited Jul 28 at 19:33


























        answered Jul 28 at 16:45









        Hurkyl

        107k9112253




        107k9112253




















            up vote
            5
            down vote













            To me, the tensor product of modules $M_1,ldots, M_k$ over a commutative
            ring $R$ is a module that represents the functor of $R$-multilinear maps
            from $M_1timescdotstimes M_k$. This means that there is a natural
            correspondence between $R$-multilinear maps $M_1timescdots times
            M_kto N$ and $R$-module homomorphism: $bigotimes_1^k M_ito N$.



            Write $textrmMult(M_1,ldots,M_k;N)$ for the $R$-module of multilinear
            maps from $M_1timescdots times M_k$ to $N$. Then
            $$textrmMult(M_1,ldots,M_k;N)cong
            textrmHomleft(bigotimes_1^k-1M_i,textrmHom(M_k,N)right)
            congtextrmBilleft(bigotimes_1^k-1M_i,M_k;Nright)$$naturally
            in $N$.
            This means that
            $$bigotimes_1^k-1M_iotimes M_kcongbigotimes_1^k M_i$$
            as both represent the same functor. Iterating this gives
            your left-associated form. But you don't need to do this,
            you could work from the right, or in some more arbitrary manner
            instead. The point is, that all these representations of the
            $k$-fold tensor product represent the same representable functor
            and so they are all canonically isomorphic.






            share|cite|improve this answer





















            • Somewhat merging the two answers, look up Leinster's unbiased monoidal categories.
              – Berci
              Jul 29 at 22:50














            up vote
            5
            down vote













            To me, the tensor product of modules $M_1,ldots, M_k$ over a commutative
            ring $R$ is a module that represents the functor of $R$-multilinear maps
            from $M_1timescdotstimes M_k$. This means that there is a natural
            correspondence between $R$-multilinear maps $M_1timescdots times
            M_kto N$ and $R$-module homomorphism: $bigotimes_1^k M_ito N$.



            Write $textrmMult(M_1,ldots,M_k;N)$ for the $R$-module of multilinear
            maps from $M_1timescdots times M_k$ to $N$. Then
            $$textrmMult(M_1,ldots,M_k;N)cong
            textrmHomleft(bigotimes_1^k-1M_i,textrmHom(M_k,N)right)
            congtextrmBilleft(bigotimes_1^k-1M_i,M_k;Nright)$$naturally
            in $N$.
            This means that
            $$bigotimes_1^k-1M_iotimes M_kcongbigotimes_1^k M_i$$
            as both represent the same functor. Iterating this gives
            your left-associated form. But you don't need to do this,
            you could work from the right, or in some more arbitrary manner
            instead. The point is, that all these representations of the
            $k$-fold tensor product represent the same representable functor
            and so they are all canonically isomorphic.






            share|cite|improve this answer





















            • Somewhat merging the two answers, look up Leinster's unbiased monoidal categories.
              – Berci
              Jul 29 at 22:50












            up vote
            5
            down vote










            up vote
            5
            down vote









            To me, the tensor product of modules $M_1,ldots, M_k$ over a commutative
            ring $R$ is a module that represents the functor of $R$-multilinear maps
            from $M_1timescdotstimes M_k$. This means that there is a natural
            correspondence between $R$-multilinear maps $M_1timescdots times
            M_kto N$ and $R$-module homomorphism: $bigotimes_1^k M_ito N$.



            Write $textrmMult(M_1,ldots,M_k;N)$ for the $R$-module of multilinear
            maps from $M_1timescdots times M_k$ to $N$. Then
            $$textrmMult(M_1,ldots,M_k;N)cong
            textrmHomleft(bigotimes_1^k-1M_i,textrmHom(M_k,N)right)
            congtextrmBilleft(bigotimes_1^k-1M_i,M_k;Nright)$$naturally
            in $N$.
            This means that
            $$bigotimes_1^k-1M_iotimes M_kcongbigotimes_1^k M_i$$
            as both represent the same functor. Iterating this gives
            your left-associated form. But you don't need to do this,
            you could work from the right, or in some more arbitrary manner
            instead. The point is, that all these representations of the
            $k$-fold tensor product represent the same representable functor
            and so they are all canonically isomorphic.






            share|cite|improve this answer













            To me, the tensor product of modules $M_1,ldots, M_k$ over a commutative
            ring $R$ is a module that represents the functor of $R$-multilinear maps
            from $M_1timescdotstimes M_k$. This means that there is a natural
            correspondence between $R$-multilinear maps $M_1timescdots times
            M_kto N$ and $R$-module homomorphism: $bigotimes_1^k M_ito N$.



            Write $textrmMult(M_1,ldots,M_k;N)$ for the $R$-module of multilinear
            maps from $M_1timescdots times M_k$ to $N$. Then
            $$textrmMult(M_1,ldots,M_k;N)cong
            textrmHomleft(bigotimes_1^k-1M_i,textrmHom(M_k,N)right)
            congtextrmBilleft(bigotimes_1^k-1M_i,M_k;Nright)$$naturally
            in $N$.
            This means that
            $$bigotimes_1^k-1M_iotimes M_kcongbigotimes_1^k M_i$$
            as both represent the same functor. Iterating this gives
            your left-associated form. But you don't need to do this,
            you could work from the right, or in some more arbitrary manner
            instead. The point is, that all these representations of the
            $k$-fold tensor product represent the same representable functor
            and so they are all canonically isomorphic.







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            answered Jul 28 at 16:16









            Lord Shark the Unknown

            84.6k950111




            84.6k950111











            • Somewhat merging the two answers, look up Leinster's unbiased monoidal categories.
              – Berci
              Jul 29 at 22:50
















            • Somewhat merging the two answers, look up Leinster's unbiased monoidal categories.
              – Berci
              Jul 29 at 22:50















            Somewhat merging the two answers, look up Leinster's unbiased monoidal categories.
            – Berci
            Jul 29 at 22:50




            Somewhat merging the two answers, look up Leinster's unbiased monoidal categories.
            – Berci
            Jul 29 at 22:50












             

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